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OntoClean
OntoClean is a methodology for analyzing ontologies based on formal, domain-independent properties of classes (the metaproperties) due to Nicola Guarino and Chris Welty.
==Overview and History==
OntoClean was the first attempt to formalize notions of ontological analysis for information systems. The idea was to justify the kinds of decisions that experienced ontology builders make, and explain the common mistakes of the inexperienced. (Alan Rector ), during a debate at the KR-2002 conference in Toulouse, said, "What you have done is reduce the amount of time I spend arguing with medics."
The notions Guarino & Welty focused on were drawn from philosophical ontology. They were not after the seemingly endless arguments about what the right ontology of the universe is, but rather the techniques these philosophers use to analyze, support, and criticize each other's arguments. These techniques make very little, if any, commitment to a particular ontology, instead they expose what are often very subtle distinctions.
The ideas underlying OntoClean appeared first in the literature in a series of three papers published in 2000.〔Guarino, Nicola, and Chris Welty. 2000. Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. In, Laender, A. and Storey, V., eds, Proceedings of ER-2000: The 19th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Springer-Verlag. October, 2000.〕〔Guarino, Nicola, and Chris Welty. 2000. A Formal Ontology of Properties. In, Dieng, R., and Corby, O., eds, ''Proceedings of EKAW-2000: The 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management.'' Berlin:Springer LNCS Vol. 1937/2000. Pp. 97-112. October, 2000.〕〔Guarino, Nicola, and Chris Welty. 2000. Identity, Unity, and Individuation: Towards a Formal Toolkit for Ontological Analysis. In W. Horn, ed., Proceedings of ECAI-2000: The European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Amsterdam:IOS Press. Pp. 219-223. August, 2000.〕 The name ''OntoClean'' does not appear in the literature until 2002.〔Guarino, Nicola and Chris Welty. 2002. Evaluating Ontological Decisions with OntoClean. ''Communications of the ACM.'' 45(2):61-65. New York:ACM Press〕 According to Thompson-ISI, work on OntoClean was the most cited of academic papers on Ontology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Thompson )〕 OntoClean was important as it was the first formal methodology for ontology engineering, applying scientific principles to a field whose practice was mostly art.
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