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Oosterbeek is a village in the eastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Renkum, Gelderland, about 5 km west of Arnhem. The oldest part of the village of Oosterbeek is the Benedendorp (Lower Village), on the northern bank of the river, the Lower Rhine, a branch of the Rhine.〔Stenvert, R. et al. (2000). ''Monumenten in Nederland: Gelderland'', p. 268–271. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. ISBN 90-400-9406-3〕 Parts of the church now known as the Hervormde Kerk (Reformed Church) date back to the second half of the 10th century. In the 19th century several mansions were built on the higher ground to the north of the old village, such as De Hemelse Berg (destroyed in 1944) and Hartenstein. The construction of smaller buildings in the same area eventually led to the Bovendorp (Upper Village). Today, Oosterbeek is probably best known for being involved in and heavily damaged during the September 1944 Battle of Arnhem. General Urquhart had his headquarters in the aforementioned Hartenstein, which is now home to the Airborne Museum. To the north of the built-up area lies the Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery. In Oosterbeek is also the location of Hotel de Bilderberg, where the Bilderberg Group first met in 1954. Oosterbeek was a separate municipality until 1818, when the area was divided between Doorwerth and Renkum. ==Oosterbeek School== This place has become particularly known as Osterbeek school. Art historically this is the place where Dutch Impressionism had its origin. The art colony must be seen in the context with the place of Wolfheze.〔Wolfheze is away nearly 5 km.〕 The life of the artist took place between those two locations. Art historians call this the Barbizon of the North. The most sucsessful time had been from 1841 til 1870, before they turned to Laren,〔This colony is known under the name of Laren School.〕 Kortenhoef,〔This colony is known under the name of Kortenhoef School.〕 Egmond aan Zee,〔This colony is known under the name of Egmond School.〕 Katwijk aan Zee,〔This colony is known under the name of Katwijk School.〕 Scheveningen or Noordwijk.〔Artists came over from The Hague or Katwijk for painting.〕 There they founded new art colonies or painters' villages. Dutch Impressionism lived on in these new locations and continued to develop. Important names are Gerard Bilders, Paul Gabriël, Barend Cornelis Koekkoek, Jacob Maris, Matthijs Maris, Willem Maris, Anton Mauve, Hendrik Mesdag, Willem Roelofs, Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch. During this time they founded the Pulchri Studio at The Hague and led this painting colony into the well known ''2nd Golden Age of Dutch painting''. Thus they became the forrunners of the later following art movement of Modern art in the Netherlands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oosterbeek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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