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OpenRefine, formerly called ''Google Refine'', is a standalone open source desktop application for data cleanup and transformation to other formats, the activity known as data wrangling. It is similar to spreadsheet applications (and can work with spreadsheet file formats); however, it behaves more like a database. It operates on ''rows'' of data which have cells under ''columns,'' which is very similar to relational database tables. One OpenRefine project is one table. The user can filter the rows to display using ''facets'' that define filtering criteria (for example, showing rows where a given column is not empty). Unlike spreadsheets, most operations in OpenRefine are done on all visible rows: transformation of all cells in all rows under one column,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://code.google.com/p/google-refine/wiki/CellEditing#Editing_by_Transforming )〕 creation of a new column based on existing column data, etc. All actions that were done on a dataset are stored in a project and can be replayed on another dataset. Unlike spreadsheets, no formulas are stored in the cells, but formulas are used to transform the data, and transformation is done only once.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://code.google.com/p/google-refine/wiki/CellEditing#Comparison_with_Spreadsheets_Software )〕 Transformation expressions can be written in Google Refine Expression Language (GREL),〔(Google Refine expression language OpenRefine/OpenRefine Wiki GitHub ). Github.com (2013-04-03). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.〕 Jython (i.e. Python) and Clojure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://code.google.com/p/google-refine/wiki/DocumentationForUsers#Expressions )〕 The program has a web user interface. However, it is not hosted on the web (SAAS), but is available for download and use on the local machine. When starting OpenRefine, it starts a web server and starts a browser to open the web UI powered by this web server. == Possible uses of software == * ''Cleaning messy data'': for example if you have text file with some semi-structured data, you can edit it using transformations, facets and clustering to make the data cleanly structured.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B70J_H_zAWM )〕 * ''Transformation of data'': converting values to other formats, normalizing and denormalizing. * ''Parsing data from web sites'': OpenRefine has a URL fetch feature and jsoup HTML parser and DOM engine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://code.google.com/p/google-refine/wiki/StrippingHTML )〕 * ''Adding data to dataset by fetching it from webservices'' (i.e. returning json).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://code.google.com/p/google-refine/wiki/FetchingURLsFromWebServices )〕 For example, can be used for geocoding addresses to geographic coordinates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tsyz3ibYzk )〕 * ''Working with Freebase'': * * Augmentation of datasets with data from Freebase. * * Contributing data to Freebase using Schema Alignment feature. This involves ''reconciliation'' — mapping string values in cells to entities in Freebase.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://code.google.com/p/google-refine/wiki/SchemaAlignment )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「OpenRefine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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