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OpenWorm
OpenWorm is an international open science project to simulate the roundworm ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' at the cellular level as a simulation.〔(nematode fanciers open their worm to a kickstarter )〕〔(Towards a virtual C. elegans: A framework for simulation and visualization of the neuromuscular system in a 3D physical environment. Palyanov A., Khayrulin S., Larson S.D. and Dibert A. (2012) In Silico Biology 11(3): 137-147 )〕〔(Current practice in software development for computational neuroscience and how to improve it. Gewaltig, M.-O., & Cannon, R. (2014). PLoS Computational Biology, 10(1), e1003376. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003376 )〕 Although the long-term goal is to model all 959 cells of the ''C. elegans'', the first stage is to model the worm's locomotion by simulating the 302 neurons and 95 muscle cells. This bottom up simulation is being pursued by the OpenWorm community. So far the physics engine Sibernetic has been built and models of the neural connectome and a muscle cell have been created in the NeuroML format. A 3D model of the worm anatomy can be accessed through the web via the OpenWorm browser. The OpenWorm project is also contributing to develop Geppetto,〔(Geppetto )〕 a web-based multi-algorithm, multi-scale simulation platform engineered to support the simulation of the whole organism.〔(Openworm is going to be a digital organism in your browser )〕
== Background: ''C. elegans'' ==
The roundworm ''C. elegans'' has one of the simplest nervous systems of any organism, with only 302 neurons. Furthermore, the structural connectome of these neurons is fully worked out. There are fewer than one thousand cells in the whole body of a ''C. elegans'' worm, each with a unique identifier and comprehensive supporting literature because ''C. elegans'' is a model organism. Being a model organism, the genome is fully known, along with many well characterized mutants readily available, a comprehensive literature of behavioural studies, etc. With so few neurons and new calcium 2 photon microscopy techniques it should soon be possible to record the complete neural activity of a living organism. By manipulating the neurons through optogenetic techniques, combined with the above recording capacities the project is in an unprecedented position to be able to fully characterize the neural dynamics of an entire organism.
In trying to build an "in silico" model of a relatively simple organism like ''C. elegans'', new tools are being developed which will make it easier to model more complex organisms.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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