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Ophthalmosauridae is an extinct family of thunnosaur ichthyosaurs from the Middle Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous (Bajocian - Cenomanian) of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Currently, the oldest known ophthalmosaurid is ''Mollesaurus'' from the early Bajocian of Argentina. Named by George H. Baur, in 1887, it contains the basal taxa like ''Ophthalmosaurus''.〔 Appleby (1956) named the taxon Ophthalmosauria which was followed by some authors, but if these two names are synonyms, Ophthalmosauridae has the priority over Ophthalmosauria.〔 == Phylogeny == Ophthalmosauridae is a node-based taxon defined by Ryosuke Motani (1999) as "the last common ancestor of ''Brachypterygius extremus'' and ''Ophthalmosaurus icenicus'' and all of its descendants". The definition he proposed for Ophthalmosauria was exactly the same.〔 In this case both definitions are synonyms. The cladogram below follows the topology from a 2010 analysis by Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Erin E. Maxwell.〔 }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} Valentin Fischer, Edwige Masure, Maxim S. Arkhangelsky and Pascal Godefroit (2011) described a new genus of Ophthalmosauridae. They redefined it as "the last common ancestor of ''Arthropterygius chrisorum'' and ''Ophthalmosaurus icenicus'' and all of its descendants". In this case Ophthalmosauria isn't a junior synonym of Ophthalmosauridae. The cladogram below follows Fischer ''et al.'' 2011.〔 }} |2= }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} *Note: Placement of Ophthalmosauria by definition. Fischer ''et al.'' (2012) described another new genus of Ophthalmosauridae. They defined for the first time two subfamilies within the Ophthalmosauridae, Ophthalmosaurinae and Platypterygiinae. ''Ophthalmosaurus'' and ''Platypterygius'' were found to be non-monophyletic. Ophthalmosauridae was characterized by a reduced extracondylar area, a plate-like dorsal trochanter, a humerus with a facet for an anterior accessory element and the absence of notching on the paddle elements of the forefin. The cladogram below follows Fischer ''et al.'' 2012. }} |label2= Platypterygiinae |2= }} |2= }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ophthalmosauridae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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