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Optometry
Optometry is a healthcare profession concerned with the eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans. Optometrists are trained to prescribe and fit lenses to improve vision, and in some countries are trained to diagnose and treat various eye diseases.
In the United States, Canada, and Ghana, optometrists are known as ''doctors of optometry''〔() Canadian Association of Optometrists〕〔() American Optometric Association〕〔() Bureau of Labor Statistics〕〔() Opted.org〕〔() Salus University〕〔() University of Alabama〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ghanaian-trained optometrists make Ghana proud )〕 (abbreviated as OD), and can be held to the same legal standards as physicians, whereas optometrists in the UK 〔Agarwal, R. (1995), The title optometrist, British Journal of Optometry and Dispensing, 3(4), 144.〕 are regulated by the General Optical Council under the Opticians Act 1958, consolidated under the Opticians Act 1989, and distinguished from medical practitioners.〔(Opticians Act 1989 ) (cap. 44)〕〔() Harris Law Firm〕〔(Kentucky Optometric Association 2012 ) (section 5)〕 Historically, under the National Health Service Act 1946, healthcare included medical, ophthalmic (covering optometry), dental and other ancillary needs of every person in the UK.〔Giles G.H. (1953), The Ophthalmic Services under the National Health Service Acts 1946-1952, page 27, Hammond, Hammond and Company Limited, London.〕
In all U.S. states, optometrists are licensed to diagnose and treat diseases of the eye through topical, diagnostic, and therapeutic drugs.〔(Oglethorpe University 2012 )〕〔(University of California 2004 ) (page 3)〕 They can also prescribe oral drugs in 48 of the 50 states.〔(American Optometric Association 2012 )〕 Doctors of optometry are also able to perform certain types of laser surgery in three states, Oklahoma, Kentucky, and Louisiana.〔http://www.amednews.com/article/20110523/profession/305239946/2/〕 In countries where the practice of optometry is statutorily regulated, patients are referred, if and when necessary, to family physicians and medical specialists such as ophthalmologists, neurologists and others for further investigation and treatment.
==Origin==
The term "optometry" comes from the Greek words ''ὄψις'' (''opsis''; "view") and ''μέτρον'' (''metron''; "something used to measure", "measure", "rule"). The word entered the language when the instrument for measuring vision was called an optometer, (before the terms phoropter or refractor were used). The root word ''opto'' is a shortened form derived from the Greek word ''ophthalmos'' meaning, "eye." Like most healthcare professions, the education and certification of optometrists is regulated in most countries. Optometrists and optometry-related organizations interact with governmental agencies, other healthcare professionals, and the community to deliver eye- and vision-care.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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