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Orellanine or Orellanin is a mycotoxin found in some mushrooms of the Cortinariaceae family. Structurally, it is a pyridine N-oxide. ==History== In Poland during the 1950s there was a small epidemic where over 100 people became ill. What caused the illness remained a mystery until 1952 when Polish physician Dr. Stanisław Grzymala〔See: # Alina Skirgiełło and Andrzej Nespiak (1957) "Erfahrungen mit ''Dermocybe orellana'' (Fr.) in Polen: A. ''Cortinarius'' (''Dermocybe'') ''orellanus'' Fr. non Quél. — Cause d'intoxications fongiques en Pologne en 1952-55" (Experiences with ''Dermocybe orellana'' (Fr.) in Poland: A. ''Cortinarius'' (''Dermocybe'') ''orellanus'' Fr. non Quél. — Cause of mushroom poisoning in Poland in 1952-55) ''Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde'' (Journal for Mycology), vol. 23, pages 138-139 ; # Stanisław Grzymala (1957) "Erfahrungen mit ''Dermocybe orellana'' (Fr.) in Polen: B. Massenvergiftung durch den Orangefuchsigen Hautkopf. (Experiences with ''Dermocybe orellana'' (Fr.) in Poland: B. Mass poisoning by the orange-red web-cap), ''Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde'', vol. 23, pages 139-142 ; # Grzymala, S. (1959) "Zur toxischen Wirkung des orangefuchsigen Hautkopfes (''Dermocybe orellana'' Fr.)" (On the toxic effect of the orange-red web-cap (''Dermocybe orellana'' Fr.)), ''Deutsche Zeitschrift für die gesamte gerichtliche Medizin'' (German Journal for Forensic Medicine), vol. 49, pages 91-99 ; # Grzymala, S. (1962) "L'isolement de l'orellanine poison du ''Cortinarius orellanus'' Fries et l'étude de ses effects anatomopathologiques" (Isolation of orellanine, poison of ''Cortinarius orellanus'' Fries, and study of its histopathological effects), ''Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France'', vol. 78, pages 394-404.〕 discovered that everyone suffering from the illness, which had by now claimed several lives, had eaten the mushroom ''Cortinarius orellanus''. In 1962 he isolated a substance from the fungus. He named it orellanine after the Latin name of the toadstool. Given orally to research animals, he produced the same reaction as in humans.〔(Slørsoppene omfatter noen av våre farligste giftsopper ) (mushrooms include some of our most dangerous toxic mushrooms ) (Article in Norwegian)〕 In 1973 orellanine was discovered in the toadstool ''Cortinarius rubellus''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orellanine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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