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Orient
The Orient means the ''East''. It is a traditional designation for anything that belongs to the Eastern world or the Middle East (aka Near East) or the Far East, in relation to Europe. In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the continent of Asia. In France and other countries of Western Europe, it also denominates the countries of North Africa.
== Derivation ==
The term "Orient" derives from the Latin word ''oriens'' meaning "east" (lit. "rising" < ''orior'' " rise"). The use of the word for "rising" to refer to the east (where the sun rises) has analogs from many languages: compare the terms "Levant" (< French ''levant'' "rising"), "Vostok" (ロシア語:Восток) (< Russian ''voskhod'' (ロシア語:восход) "sunrise"), "Anatolia" (< Greek ''anatole''), "mizrahi" in Hebrew ("zriha" meaning sunrise), "sharq" (アラビア語:شرق) (< Arabic ' "rise", ' (アラビア語:شروق) "rising"), "shygys" (< Kazakh ''shygu'' "come out"), (トルコ語:doğu) (< Turkish ''doğmak'' to be born; to rise), (中国語:東) (, a pictograph of the sun rising behind a tree) and "The Land of the Rising Sun" to refer to Japan. Also, many ancient temples, including pagan temples and the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, were built with their main entrances facing the East. This tradition was carried on in Christian churches. To situate them in such a manner was to "orient" them in the proper direction. When something was facing the correct direction, it was said to be in the proper ''orientation''.
Another explanation of the term stems from Rome during the Roman Empire, specifically the Eastern Roman Empire, or the "Roman Orient", during the Byzantine Empire. Although the original East-West (or Orient-Occitan) line was the Italian Peninsulas East Coast, around 600 AD the City of Rome would eventually be adopted as the latitude and longitude marker for distinguishing the boundaries of what would become the Occitan-Christian Roman Empire North and West of the city (throughout Europe, Western Europe, and Occidental Europe) from the Pagan based Oriental Roman Empire in the South and East (Southern Italy, North Africa, and the Medio Oriente (the "Middle (the ) East)). Any area below the City of Rome was considered the Orient, as well as the ethnicities inhabiting the land, such as Dalmatian Italians, (modern Neapolitans along with Sicilians, Tunisians, Moroccans, Greeks, etc.), as well as everything East of Southern Italy, hence the Italian name "Italia nord-orientale" (in English Northeast Italy) for Le Tre Venezie (the 3 Venice's) located above the Roman latitude line separating it from modern Abruzzo; the beginning of the Orient in the East, while Lazio is its beginning in the West of the Italian Peninsula.
The opposite term "Occident" derives from the Latin word ''occidens'', meaning ''west'' (lit. ''setting'' < ''occido'' ''fall/set''). This term meant the west (where the sun sets) but has fallen into disuse in English, in favor of Western world.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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