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Orlah
The prohibition on ''orlah''-fruit (lit. "uncircumcised" fruit) is a command found in the Hebrew Bible not to eat fruit produced by a tree during the first three years after planting.〔Judith R. Baskin ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture'' p134-135 2011 "The biblical law of "uncircumcised" fruit (orlah) prohibits consuming fruit picked from a tree in the Land of Israel within three years of its planting (Lev 19:23). According to rabbinic interpretation of "fourth-year planting" (neta revai) ...may only be eaten in Jerusalem unless it is redeemed.〕 The Hebrew word ''orlah'' literally means "uncircumcised". This meaning is often footnoted in English translations:
In rabbinical writings the ''orlah''-prohibition (Hebrew: איסור ערלה) is counted as one of the negative commandments among the rabbinical enumeration of 613 commandments. Outside Israel the prohibition applies to a certain degree.
== Hebrew Bible ==
Commentators generally assume that the law was good agricultural practice, and that early harvesting would conflict with careful cultivation and pruning during the first three years in order to insure later good harvests and allow maturing of the trees.〔''The Ivp Bible Background Commentary: Genesis-Deuteronomy'' p163 John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews - 2000 "Careful cultivation and pruning was necessary during the first three years in order to insure eventual good harvests and proper maturing of the trees. The fruit during this period could not be eaten and was declared unclean (literally "〕 Grape vines produce fruit in three to six years, almond trees produce some flower buds in the fourth year and some fruit in the fifth, and sources from the Ancient Near East suggest that a good crop of dates was expected in the fourth year.〔''Trees, Earth, and Torah: A Tu B'Shvat Anthology'' p51 Ari Elon, Naomi M. Hyman, Arthur Waskow - 2000 previously printed in ''The savage in Judaism: an anthropology of Israelite religion'' Howard Eilberg-Schwartz - 1990 "Grape seedlings produce fruit in three to six years, and almond trees produce some flower buds in the fourth year and some fruit in the fifth (Janick and Moore 1975, 138, 396). Ancient sources confirm that ancient fruit trees produced ...〕 In discussing the commandment that the fruit could not actually be eaten until the fifth year, Rooker (2000) notes that in the Code of Hammurabi a tenant-gardener could not eat of the fruit of an orchard until the fifth year, when he shared the produce with the owner.〔Leviticus p260 Mark F. Rooker, Dennis R. Cole - 2000 "155 In the Code of Hammurabi #60 it was legislated that a gardener who was also a tenant could not eat of the fruit of his orchard until the fifth year, when he shared the produce with the owner."〕
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