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''Orobanche'' (broomrape or broom-rape) is a genus of over 200 species of parasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.〔Beck-Mannagetta, G. (1930) Orobanchaceae. In Engler, A. (ed.) ''Das Pflanzenreich'' 4: 1-348. (Engelmann:Leipzig).〕 Some species formerly included in this genus are now referred to the genus ''Conopholis''. The broomrape plant is small, from 10–60 cm tall depending on species. It is best recognized by its yellow- to straw-coloured stems completely lacking chlorophyll, bearing yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers. The flower shoots are scaly, with a dense terminal spike of between ten and twenty flowers in most species, although single in ''O. uniflora''. The leaves are merely triangular scales. The seeds are minute, tan-to-brown, and blacken with age. These plants generally flower from late winter to late spring. When they are not flowering, no part of the plants is visible above the surface of the soil. As they have no chlorophyll, they are totally dependent on other plants for nutrients. Broomrape seeds remain dormant in the soil, often for many years, until stimulated to germinate by certain compounds produced by living plant roots.〔Yoder, J.I. (2001) Host-plant recognition by parasitic Scrophulariaceae. ''Current Opinion in Plant Biology'' 4:359-365.〕 Broomrape seedlings put out a root-like growth, which attaches to the roots of nearby hosts. Once attached to a host, the broomrape robs its host of water and nutrients. Some species are only able to parasitise a single plant species, such as ivy broomrape ''Orobanche hederae'', which is restricted to parasitising ivy; these species are often named after the plant they parasitise. Others can infect several genera, such as the lesser broomrape ''O. minor'', which lives on clover and other related Fabaceae. Branched broomrape ''Orobanche ramosa'', native to central and southwestern Europe but widely naturalised elsewhere, is considered a major threat to crops in some areas. Plants that it parasitizes are tomato, eggplant, potato, cabbage, coleus, bell pepper, sunflower, celery, and beans. In heavily infested areas, branched broomrape can cause total crop failure. The stems of a species parasitic on the fava bean are gathered and eaten in the region of Apulia, in southern Italy, where they are given the name of ''sporchia''.〔Luard, E. ''European peasant cookery'', Grub Street, 2004, p.380〕 Branched broomrape was found near Bowhill, South Australia, in 1992, and some properties have been quarantined for more than a decade. The weed could become a national problem in Australia unless it can be contained. ==Etymology== The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek ''ὄροβος'' (orobos, “bitter vetch”) + ''ἄγχω'' (ankhō, “strangle”)''. The common English name comes from the English word broom, and the Latin rapum ("tuber"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orobanche」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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