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Orography
Orography (from the Greek ''όρος'', hill, ''γραφία'', to write) is the study of the topographic relief of mountains,〔(11th Edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911) )〕 and can more broadly include hills, and any part of a region's elevated terrain.〔(Orography ) (from the American Meteorological Society website)〕 Orography (also known as ''oreography'', ''orology'' or ''oreology'') falls within the broader discipline of geomorphology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/125/ )〕
==Uses==
Mountain ranges and elevated land masses have a major impact on global climate, for instance the elevated areas of East Africa substantially determines the strength of the Indian monsoon.〔Srinivasan, J., Nanjundiah, Ravi S. and Chakraborty, Arindam (2005) (Impact of Orography on the Simulation of Monsoon Climate in a General Circulation Model ) ''Indian Institute of Science''〕 In scientific models, such as general circulation models, orography defines the lower boundary of the model over land.
When a river's tributaries or settlements by the river are listed in 'orographic sequence', they are in order from the highest (nearest the source of the river) to the lowest or mainstem (nearest the mouth). This method of listing tributaries is similar to the Strahler Stream Order, where the headwater tributaries are listed as category 1.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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