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Odisha
Odisha (;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/odisha )〕 or Orissa )(odia:ଓଡ଼ିଶା) is one of the 29 states of India, located in the east of India. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south and south-east. Odisha has of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Ganjam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/163 )〕 It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. Odia (formerly known as ''Oriya'')〔 is the official and most widely-spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.
The ancient kingdom of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April 1936, as a province in British India, and consisted predominantly of Oriya-speaking regions.〔 April 1 is celebrated as Odisha Day. The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India's national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf. )〕 Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135, after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era, until 1948, when Bhubaneswar replaced it as the capital.
==Etymology==
The term "Odisha" is derived from the ancient Prakrit word ''"Odda Visaya"'' (also "''Udra Bibhasha"'' or "''Odra Bibhasha"'') as in the Tirumalai inscription of Rajendra Chola I, which is dated to 1025. Sarala Das, who translated the ''Mahabharata'' into the Odia language in the 15th century, calls the region ''Odra Rashtra'' and ''Odisha''. The inscriptions of Kapilendra Deva of the Gajapati Kingdom (1435–67) on the walls of temples in Puri call the region ''Odisha'' or ''Odisha Rajya''.
The name of the state was changed from Orissa to Odisha, and the name of its language from Oriya to Odia, in 2011, by the passage of the ''Orissa (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2010'' and the ''Constitution (113th Amendment) Bill, 2010'' in the Parliament. After a brief debate, the lower house, Lok Sabha, passed the bill and amendment on 9 November 2010. In 24 March 2011, Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Parliament, also passed the bill and the amendment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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