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The logrunners (''Orthonyx'') are a clade of birds which comprises three species of passerine birds endemic to Australia and New Guinea. Some authorities consider the Australian family Cinclosomatidae to be part of the Orthonychidae. The three species use their stiffened tails to brace themselves when feeding. The species are: *Papuan logrunner (''Orthonyx novaeguineae'') *Australian logrunner (''Orthonyx temminckii'') *Chowchilla (''Orthonyx spaldingii'') The Australian logrunner, ''Orthonyx temminckii'', is from northeastern New South Wales and southeast Queensland, where it is very local in its distribution, and strictly terrestrial in its habits. The wings are barred with white, and the chin, throat and breast are in the male pure white, but of a bright reddish-orange in the female. The remiges are very short, rounded and much incurved, showing a bird of weak flight. The rectrices are very broad, the shafts stiff, and towards the tip divested of barbs. The population which is found locally in New Guinea is now generally considered a separate species, the Papuan logrunner, ''Orthonyx novaeguineae''. The chowchilla, ''Orthonyx spaldingii'', from north-east Queensland is of much greater size than either species of logrunner, and with a jet-black plumage, the throat being white in the male and orange-rufous in the female. ==Taxonomy== The fossil record does not much help to determine the affiliations of the Orthonychidae. Three prehistoric species are known to science. The very large ''Orthonyx hypsilophus'' from Green Waterhole Cave and an undescribed species found in Pyramids Cave which was a bit smaller than the Australian logrunner are probably of Late Pleistocene age.〔 *Boles, Walter E. (1993): A Logrunner ''Orthonyx'' (Passeriformes: Orthonychidae) from the Miocene of Riversleigh, North-western Queensland. ''Emu'' 93: 44-49. (HTML abstract)〕 ''Orthonyx kaldowinyeri''〔Etymology: ''kaldowinyeri'' is the Yaralde (Ngarrindjeri) word for "a very long time ago"; this species is the oldest record of the family found to date. Like the bird, the language is nowadays extinct.〕 is known from Middle or Late Miocene deposits of Riversleigh; it is the oldest and smallest species known to date (Boles, 1993). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orthonychidae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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