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Orthoptics
Orthoptics is a profession allied to medicine whose primary remit is the diagnosis and non-medical management of strabismus (squint), amblyopia (lazy eye) and eye movement disorders. 〔International Orthoptic Association document "professional role"〕 The word ''orthoptics'' comes from the Greek words ὀρθός ''orthos'', "straight" and ὀπτικός ''optikοs'', "relating to sight" and much of the practice of orthoptists concerns refraction and muscular eye control.〔http://www.tcos.ca/about_orthoptics.html〕 Orthoptists are trained professionals who specialize in orthoptic treatment, but generally without any medical qualifications. With specific training, in some countries orthoptists may be involved in monitoring of some forms of eye disease, such as glaucoma, cataract screening and diabetic retinopathy 〔Vukicevic, M., Koklanis, K and Giribaldi, M. ''Orthoptics: Evolving to meet increasing demand for eye service''. In Insight news. March 2013: Sydney, Australia.〕
==History of Orthoptics==
Orthoptics has a long history in supporting ophthalmic care. French ophthalmologist Louis Emile Javal, began using ocular exercises to treat strabismus (eye turns) and described the practice of orthoptics in his writings in the late 19th century. Mary Maddox pioneered the orthoptic profession and was the first documented orthoptist. She was trained by her father, Ernest E. Maddox, in response to increasing patient demand and time needed to examine and treat patients. Ernest Maddox was a reputed ophthalmologist as well as the inventor of various instruments for investigating binocular vision. Mary Maddox started her own practice in London in the early 1920s and her first hospital clinic opened at the Royal Westminster Hospital in 1928.〔 The first Australian hospital clinic with orthoptists was established at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne in 1931.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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