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:''For the two-headed dog of mythology, see Orthrus.'' In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, ''Orthros'' (Greek (, meaning "early dawn" or "daybreak") or ''Oútrenya'' (Slavonic Оўтреня) is the last of the four night offices, which also include vespers, compline, and midnight office. In traditional monasteries it is held daily so as to end at sunrise. In many parishes it is held only on Sundays and feast days. It is often called matins after the office it most nearly corresponds to in Western Christian churches. Orthros is the longest and most complex of the daily cycle of services. It is normally held in the early morning, often — always in monasteries — preceded by the midnight office, and usually followed by the First Hour. On great feasts it is held as part of an all-night vigil commencing the evening before, combined with an augmented great vespers and the first hour. In the Russian tradition, an all-night vigil is celebrated every Saturday evening, typically abridged, however, in spite of its name, to as short as two hours. In the Greek parish tradition, orthros is normally held just before the beginning of the divine liturgy on Sunday and feast day mornings. The ''akolouth'' (fixed portion of the service) is composed primarily of psalms and litanies. The ''sequences'' (variable parts) of matins are composed primarily of hymns and canons from the octoechos (an eight-tone cycle of hymns for each day of the week, covering eight weeks), and from the menaion (hymns for each calendar day of the year). During great lent and some of the period preceding it, some of the portions from the octoechos and menaion are replaced by hymns from the triodion and during the paschal season with material from the pentecostarion. On Sundays there is also a gospel reading and corresponding hymns from the eleven-part cycle of resurrectional gospels. ==Outline== :''All of the psalms used herein are numbered according to the Septuagint, which is the official version of the Old Testament used by the Byzantine Rite. To find the corresponding KJV numbering, see the article Kathisma.'' * Matins usually opens with what is called the "Royal Beginning", so called because the psalms (19 and 20) speak of a king. The royal beginning is not used in Greek parish practice; also, it is omitted at all-night vigil. During Paschal season it is replaced by the paschal troparion sung thrice): * * The priest's opening blessing: ''Blessed is our God ...'', reader: ''Amen.'' and the usual beginning. * *Psalms 19 and 20, during which the priest performs a full censing of the temple (church building and worshippers). * *''Glory... Both now...'' and the trisagion prayers. * * The Royal troparia: * * A brief litany by the priest (not the deacon as is usual for litanies) * * Ekphonesis by the priest: ''Glory to the holy, consubstantial, life-giving and undivided trinity, always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages'' * The Six Psalms (3, 37, 62, 87, 102, and 142),〔One of the oldest elements in the orthos service and according to a pious tradition said to recall the Last Judgement, as Psalm 103 at vespers recalls the creation.〕 during which the priest says twelve silent prayers: six in front of the Holy Table (altar), and six in front of the Holy Doors * The Litany of Peace (also known as the Great Litany) * ''God is the Lord ...'' and the apolytikion (troparion of the day) * The Psalter (either two or three sections, depending upon the liturgical season). For each section the following order is followed: * * The kathisma (section from the Psalter) * * The Little Litany * * The sessional hymns (Greek: ''kathismata'', Slavonic: ''sedalen'') * On Sundays: ''Evlogetaria'' (''Blessed are you, O Lord, teach me your statutes'') * The Little Litany * On Sundays and Feast Days: * * The ''Hypakoë'' is chanted to prepare for the message of the Gospel reading * * The ''Anavathmoi'' ("hymns of ascent") based on Psalms 119-133, called the Song of Degrees) * * The Prokeimenon * * The order of the Matins Gospel * * On Sundays, and every day during Paschal season: Choir: ''Having beheld the Resurrection of Christ ... '' * Psalm 50 * Sundays and Feast Days: ''Glory ..., both now ...'' and a hymn * Sundays, Feast Days and Lenten Days, the petition: O God, save your people and bless your inheritance ..." * The canon: * * First through third odes * * Little Litany * * Sessional hymns * * Fourth through sixth odes * * Little Litany * * Kontakion and oikos * * Synaxarion (commemorating the saints of the day) * * Seventh and eighth Odes * * Ninth ode, on most days preceded by the Magnificat, during which the deacon censes the church * * Little Litany * * On Sundays, ''Holy is the Lord our God'', three times * * The exapostilaria (hymns related to the day's gospel, or the day's feast) * The lauds (Greek: ''Ainoi'', ''praises''): Psalms 148, 149, 150; stichera are interspersed between the final verses on days the great doxology is sung, * The ending: *The doxastikon (the glory hymn), when chanted properly in Byzantine music is the longest, and usually the richest, hymn of the service. * * Sundays and feast days: the Great Doxology is chanted, followed by the apolytikion, the two litanies and the dismissal * * Weekdays: the Small Doxology is read, followed by the first litany, the aposticha, ''It is good to give praise unto the Lord...'', the trisagion sequence followed by the apolytikion, and the second litany (there is no dismissal) * The First Hour In very traditional monasteries, readings from the Church Fathers are read after each of the sessional hymns. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orthros」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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