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Osana
Osana (698–750) was a Northumbrian princess, whose local following as a saint developed informally after her death, though she was never officially canonised. Centuries after her death, she was described by the Norman-Welsh chronicler Geraldus Cambrensis (died 1223)〔Geraldus, ''The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin through Wales'' II.2〕 as the sister of King Osred I of Northumbria, which would make her the daughter of King Aldfrith of Northumbria. Osana was depicted by Geraldus as inflicting a miraculous flagellation from her grave in Howden, Yorkshire, upon a concubine of the priest〔For the history of canon law regarding clerical concubines, see E. Jombart, ''Dictionnaire du Droit Canonique'', vol. III;1513-34, ''s.v.'' "Concubinage"〕 of the collegiate church there, a moral tale intended to inculcate clerical celibacy. Celibacy of the Anglo-Saxon clergy was not expected in Osana's time;〔E. Deanealy, ''Sidelights on the Anglo-Saxon Church'' (1962:134-36) gives evidence for the respectability of ''married'' clergy in the Anglo-Saxon church; a concubine did not have the status of a wife, needless to say.〕 when it began to be enforced from the top at even the higher levels, with Archbishop Anselm's council of London, 1102,〔Henry of Huntington's ''Historia Anglorum'' perhaps disingenuously reports the prohibition of 1102 as a novelty, "something formerly not prohibited"; see Nancy Partner, "Henry of Huntingdon: Clerical Celibacy and the Writing of History" ''Church History'' 42.4 (December 1973:467-475).〕 it continued to be resisted in Britain,〔C.N.L. Brooke, "Gregorian reform in action: clerical marriage in England, 1050-1200," ''Cambridge Historical Journal'' 12.1 (1956:1-21).〕 though it was a central objective of Gregorian reform.
Geraldus records
"In the north of England beyond the Humber, in the church of Hovedene, the concubine of the rector incautiously sat down on the tomb of St. Osana, sister of king Osred, which projected like a wooden seat; on wishing to retire, she could not be removed, until the people came to her assistance; her clothes were rent, her body was laid bare, and severely afflicted with many strokes of discipline, even till the blood flowed; nor did she regain her liberty, until by many tears and sincere repentance she had showed evident signs of compunction."〔(Gerandlus, on-line text ).〕
There had been no previous record of Osana.
On the authority of Geraldus Cambrensis, the Bollandists named 18 June a feast for Osana. Relics of Osana are known to be preserved in a church in the Netherlands.
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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