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Ashmyany
Ashmyany ((ベラルーシ語:Ашмя́ны), Łacinka: ''Ašmiany'', ; (ポーランド語:Oszmiana), (イディッシュ語:אָשמענע, ''Oshmene''), (リトアニア語:Ašmena)) is a town in Grodno Region, Belarus, located at 50 km from Vilnius, capital of the Ašmiany raion. It lies in the basin of the Oshmianka River. It is also known as "Aschemynne" in the Chronicles of the Teutonic Knights. It was the birthplace of Lucjan Żeligowski, who was a Polish general.
==Name==
Town and region surrounding modern Ashmyany was once ethnic Lithuanian land.〔Petras Gaučas. Ašmena. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. II (Arktis-Beketas). V.: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2002, 113 psl.〕 Between the 17th and 18th centuries a lot of local Lithuanians died out due to wars and famine, in their place were settled new Slavic colonists.〔 With time Lithuanians were outnumbered by Slavs. Presently, its Lithuanian past is sealed in the towns's name, which is of Lithuanian origin. Town's name derivative from river name ''Ašmena'' (modern Oshmianka River), which is originated from appellative Lithuanian word ''akmuo'' (stone).〔 Link between consonants ''š'' and ''k'' is old and echoed in Lithuanian words, respectively ''ašmuo'' (sharp blade) and ''akmuo'' (stone).〔 Present name ''Ashmyany'' is using plural form of name and is a modern invention, as through ancient town's history, its name was recorded in Lithuanian singular form.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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