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The Osmeriformes comprise an order of ray-finned fish that includes the true or freshwater smelts and allies, such as the galaxiids and noodlefishes; they are also collectively called osmeriforms. They belong to the teleost superorder Protacanthopterygii, which also includes pike and salmon, among others. The order's name means "smelt-shaped", from ''Osmerus'' (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek ''osmé'' (ὀσμή, "pungent smell") + Latin ''forma'' ("external form"), the former in reference to the characteristic aroma of the flesh of ''Osmerus''.〔Woodhouse, S.C. (1910): ''English-Greek Dictionary - A Vocabulary of the Attic Language''. George Routledge & Sons Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, E.C. (Searchable JPEG fulltext )〕〔Glare, P.G.W. (ed.) (1968–1982): ''Oxford Latin Dictionary'' (1st ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-864224-5 〕〔FishBase (2006): (Order Osmeriformes ). Version of 2006-OCT-09. Retrieved 2009-SEP-28.〕 In the classification used here, the order Osmeriformes contains two suborders, six families, some 20 genera, and about 93 species. Other authors choose a slightly different arrangement, but whether treated as suborders (Galaxoidei and Osmeroidei) or superfamilies (Galaxoidea and Osmeroidea), the division in two lineages is generally maintained.〔Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): ''Fishes of the World'' (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7 pp.194-199〕〔Diogo, Rui (2008): On the cephalic and pectoral girdle muscles of the deep sea fish ''Alepocephalus rostratus'', with comments on the functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Alepocephaloidei (Teleostei). ''Anim. Biol.'' 58(1): 23-29. 〕 The "marine" smelts and allies (e.g. the odd-looking barreleyes) were formerly included here as suborder Argentinoidei; they are now usually considered more distantly related than it was believed and treated as order Argentiniformes. When the marine smelts were included here, the subdivisions of the Osmeriformes were down-ranked by one.〔 ==Description and ecology== Osmeriformes are small to mid-sized slender fish. Their maxilla is usually included in the mouth's gape, and most of them have an adipose fin as is often found in the Protacanthopterygii. Their () usually has a ventral flange, and the vomer has a short posterior shaft. They have reduced or even missing articular and mesopterygoid teeth, and the basisphenoid and orbitosphenoid bones are entirely absent. Their scales lack radii.〔 Despite the term "freshwater smelts", the members of the Osmeriformes are generally marine, or amphidromous or anadromous migrants. Even the sedentary freshwater species in this family are usually tolerant of considerable changes in salinity. Almost all osmeriforms spawn in fresh water, thus the marine species are generally anadromous. They are found in temperate oceans worldwide and in temperate freshwater of the Holarctic and around the South Pacific region; only a handful of species occur in tropical waters. The eggs are surrounded by an adhesive membrane.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Osmeriformes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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