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Ostracon
An ostracon (Greek: ''ostrakon'', plural ''ostraka'') is a piece of pottery (or stone), usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. In archaeology, ''ostraca'' may contain scratched-in words or other forms of writing which may give clues as to the time when the piece was in use.
In Athens, the voting public would write or scratch the name of a person in the shard of pottery. When the decision at hand was to banish or exile a certain member of society, citizen peers would cast their vote by writing the name of the person on the piece of pottery; the vote was counted and if unfavorable the person was exiled for a period of ten years from the city, thus giving rise to the term ''ostracism''.
==Egyptian limestone and potsherd ostraca==
Anything with a smooth surface could be used as a writing surface. Generally discarded material, ostraca were cheap, readily available and therefore frequently used for writings of an ephemeral nature such as messages, prescriptions, receipts, students' exercises and notes: pottery shards, limestone flakes,〔.〕 thin fragments of other stone types, etc., but limestone sherds, being flaky and of a lighter color, were most common. Ostraca were typically small, covered with just a few words or a small picture drawn in ink;〔.〕 but the tomb of the craftsman Sennedjem at Deir el Medina contained an enormous ostracon inscribed with the Story of Sinuhe.〔
The importance of ostraca for Egyptology is immense. The combination of their physical nature and the Egyptian climate have preserved texts, from the medical to the mundane, which in other cultures were lost.〔.〕 These can often serve as better witnesses of everyday life than literary treatises preserved in libraries.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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