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Ostreococcus
''Ostreococcus'' is a genus of unicellular coccoid or spherically shaped green alga belonging to the class Mamiellophyceae. It includes prominent members of the global picoplankton community, which plays a central role in the oceanic carbon cycle.
== History ==
The first member of the genus, ''O. tauri'', was discovered in 1994 in an investigation of the picoplankton in the Thau lagoon by Courties and Chretiennot-Dinet using flow cytometry.〔 Unicellular photosynthetic organisms are generally amenable to study using flow cytometry because of the autofluorescence provided by chlorophyll and other fluorophores used by the cells for the harvesting and control of sunlight, which allows such pigments to be studied without any staining of the cells. The different pigments present can be distinguished and identified on a cell-by-cell basis using flow cytometry, allowing researchers to deduce the different species present in the sample and help classify any new species found.〔 ''O. tauri'' was immediately placed in the class Prasinophyceae based on the presence of characteristic chlorophyll pigments and Chlorophyceae-related carotenoids〔 as well as cell ultrastructure, and its position was later confirmed by analysis of its 18S rDNA.〔
Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 18SrDNA sequence led the definition of a new class, the Mamiellophyceae, that contains ''Ostreococcus'' species and placed them within the ''Bathycoccaceae'' family.〔 Mamiellophyceae represent one of the ecologically most successful groups of eukaryotic, photosynthetic picoplankters in marine and likely also freshwater environments.
Metagenomic 〔 and metabarcoding 〔 surveys revealed the presence of other members of the ''Ostreococcus'' genus in many oceanic regions. Four different species have been described to date : ''O. tauri'', ''O. lucimarinus'',〔 ''O. mediterraneus'' 〔 and ''O spp.'' RCC809.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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