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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Oxybutynin ： ウィキペディア英語版 Oxybutynin Oxybutynin (Ditropan, Lyrinel XL, Lenditro (South Africa), Uripan (Middle East)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.adwia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=212&Itemid=274&lang=en )〕) is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination (urge incontinence), by decreasing muscle spasms of the bladder.〔Chapple CR. "Muscarinic receptor antagonists in the treatment of overactive bladder". ''Urology'' (55)5, Supp. 1:33-46, 2000.〕 It competitively antagonizes the M1, M2, and M3 subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. It also has direct spasmolytic effects on bladder smooth muscle as a calcium antagonist and local anesthetic, but at concentrations far above those used clinically. Oxybutynin is also a possible treatment of hyperhidrosis (hyper-active sweating). == Chemistry == Oxybutynin contains one stereocenter. Commercial formulations are sold as the racemate. The (''R'')-enantiomer is a more potent anticholinergic than either the racemate or the (''S'')-enantiomer, which is essentially without anticholinergic activity at doses used in clinical practice.〔Kachur JF, et al. "R and S enantiomers of oxybutynin: pharmacological effects in guinea pig bladder and intestine." ''Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 247:867-72, 1988.〕〔Noronha-Blob L, Kachur JF. "Enantiomers of oxybutynin: in vitro pharmacological characterization at M1, M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors and in vivo effects on urinary bladder contraction, mydriasis and salivary secretion in guinea pigs." ''Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 256:562-7, 1991.〕 However, (''R'')-oxybutynin administered alone offers little or no clinical benefit above and beyond the racemic mixture. The other actions (calcium antagonism, local anesthesia) of oxybutynin are not stereospecific. (''S'')-Oxybutynin has not been clinically tested for its spasmolytic effects, but may be clinically useful for the same indications as the racemate, without the unpleasant anticholinergic side effects. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oxybutynin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.