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PIDE
The PIDE or International and State Defense Police ((ポルトガル語:Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado)), was a Portuguese security agency that existed during the ''Estado Novo'' regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. Formally, the main roles of the PIDE were the border, immigration and emigration control and the internal and external State security. However, it became more known by its political police activities.
The agency that would latter became the PIDE was established by the Decree-Law 22992 of August 1933, as the Surveillance and State Defense Police or PVDE. It resulted from the merger of two former agencies, the Portuguese International Police and the Political and Social Defense Police. The PVDE was transformed in the PIDE in 1945. PIDE was itself transformed in the Directorate-General of Security or DGS in 1968. After the 25 April 1974 Carnation Revolution, DGS was disbanded in Portugal, but continued to transitory exist in the Portuguese overseas territories as the Military Information Police or PIM, being finally completely disbanded in 1975.
Although the acronym PIDE was only formally used from 1945 to 1969, the set of successive secret polices that existed during the 40 years of the ''Estado Novo'' regime are commonly referred to as the PIDE. Historically, this set of police agencies is also often referred as PIDE/DGS, from the acronyms of its two last designations. It is referred in this last way in the article 293rd of Portuguese Constitution, which states the criminalization and judgment of its former officers.
During its existence, the organization was known for its actions during the Spanish Civil War, its role as a political police, its counter-espionage activities during World War II and its counter-insurgency operations in the Portuguese Colonial War.〔(25 de Abril Always ), worldwithouttorture.org, retrieved 21 September 2015〕〔(Portugal Intelligence Services ), photius.com, retrieved 21 September 2015〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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