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Operation PBHISTORY
Operation PBHistory was a covert Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation in Guatemala, which occurred after the fall of the Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán government in June 1954. By 4 July, the CIA sent a two-man communist expert team to investigate the possibility of utilizing the documents left behind by the exiled government. The operation was a consequence of Operation PBSuccess whereby the CIA sought to collect and exploit Guatemalan communist documents.
==Origins==
Using a combination of psychological warfare and direct military action, the CIA forced Árbenz Guzmán out of office in a matter of days—culminating in his resignation on 27 June 1954. On 30 June, Frank Wisner ordered CIA "surgeons" to fall back and be replaced by diplomat "nurses."〔Holland, p. 301. "Accordingly, on 30 June, Frank Wisner, the Deputy Director for Plans (DD/P), sent what became known as the 'shift of gears cable.' The 'time has come for the surgeons (officers ) to step back and () the nurses (diplomats ) . . . . take over the patient."〕
Since the covert operation to overthrew the Árbenz government had progressed so rapidly, the CIA hoped that Árbenz and Guatemalan Party of Labour (PGT) leaders would not have time to destroy potential incriminating documents, which would link Árbenz to Moscow. Additionally, the CIA had hoped that the “PTG records left behind in haste would enable the agency’s international Communism Division to reconstruct the PTG’s collective leadership and organizational structure, and perhaps do the same for Moscow-oriented movements throughout the hemisphere.” With this information, Wisner and the CIA sought to recruit, manipulate, or otherwise target those individuals identified as Communist.〔Holland, pp. 301–302.〕
Another motivation for PBHISTORY arose when international outrage arose over US actions. Media outlets across the world accused the United States of sponsoring a coup in order to reverse Decree 900 and its effects on the United Fruit Company. Criticism came not only from Communist outlets but from US allies in the Western Bloc. Latin American opposition to United States reached a new peak. Thus, the CIA sought to find documents that would justify the coup.〔Holland, pp. 301–302. "World reaction was so unfavorable, and even sharply hostile to the United States, that Moscow's propaganda barrage had to be answered by the CIA's own 'mighty Wurlitzer', the term Frank Wisner used for the Agency's formidable array of informational assets, of which the media were a most important part.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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