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PIRAZ
PIRAZ is a United States Navy acronym for Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone.〔Lockee, April 1969, p.143〕 The zone is defined by the air search radar coverage of a ship patrolling a designated PIRAZ station. The PIRAZ ship requires a Naval Tactical Data System radio-linked computer installation to effectively identify and track all aircraft anticipated to enter the airspace of the zone during combat.〔
==History==
The concept originated in the summer of 1966 as Yankee station was established for United States Task Force 77 aircraft carriers launching strikes against North Vietnam.〔Cagle, May 1972, p.68〕 A fixed patrol station within range of land-based aircraft made the stationed aircraft carriers vulnerable to attack.〔 A PIRAZ station was established in the westernmost portion of the Gulf of Tonkin where air search radar coverage might extend over North Vietnam and the air-strike routes from Yankee station.〔Smith 1998 p.180〕 This PIRAZ station radio call sign was "Red Crown."〔Futrell, et al. 1978 p.14〕 The first PIRAZ ships were , , , and .〔 ''Belknap'' class frigates began rotating into PIRAZ station assignments in 1967;〔Lockee, April 1969, p.144〕 and , assisted in the Son Tay Raid〔Gargus, p.168〕 on 21 November 1970.
PIRAZ ships carried long-range RIM-2 Terrier or RIM-8 Talos surface-to-air missiles to defend their stations. ''Chicago'' fired RIM-8H Talos-ARM anti-radar homing missiles against North Vietnamese shore-based radar stations.〔Sherwood (2009) pp.31&36〕 Each PIRAZ ship was accompanied on station by a "shotgun" torpedo boat destroyer with quick-firing guns to defend the PIRAZ ships from torpedo boat attack.〔Cagle, May 1972, p.90〕 PIRAZ ships provided protective radar surveillance of the remotely piloted vehicles performing aerial photo reconnaissance of North Vietnam.〔Parker, August 1984, pp.39&42〕
As the Gulf of Tonkin PIRAZ station routine developed, a PIRAZ ship would typically remain on station for approximately 30 days before being relieved by another ship. During the 30-day relief period, the ship would usually travel to a liberty port in Hong Kong or Japan and then to the U. S. Naval Base Subic Bay for minor repairs and missile firing exercises before returning to the PIRAZ station. The ship would typically return to a United States home port for approximately six months after three PIRAZ station assignments with two intervening relief periods.〔Odell & Purves, 1971〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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