|
The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting in multi-seat constituencies (voting districts).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/?PageID=483 )〕 Under STV, an elector (voter) has a single vote that is initially allocated to their most preferred candidate and, as the count proceeds and candidates are either elected or eliminated, is transferred to other candidates according to the voter's stated preferences, in proportion to any surplus or discarded votes. The exact method of reapportioning votes can vary (see Counting methods). The system provides approximately proportional representation, enables votes to be cast for individual candidates rather than for parties, and minimizes "wasted" votes (votes on sure losers or sure winners) by transferring them to other candidates. Hare–Clark is the name given to STV in lower house elections in two Australian states and territories, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. The name is derived from Thomas Hare, who developed the system, and the Tasmanian Attorney General, Andrew Inglis Clark, who modified the counting method on introducing it to Tasmania. Hare–Clark has been changed to use rotating ballot papers (the Robson Rotation). The upper houses of New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and South Australia, and the Senate of Australia, use a variant of STV allowing "group voting".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eca.gov.au/systems/proportional/proportion_rep.htm )〕 STV is the system of choice of groups such as the Proportional Representation Society of Australia (which calls it quota-preferential proportional representation), the Electoral Reform Society in the United Kingdom and FairVote in the USA (which calls it choice voting).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.prsa.org.au/pr.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/our-mission/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fairvote.org/choice-voting )〕 Its critics contend that some voters find the mechanisms behind STV difficult to understand, but this does not make it more difficult for voters to "rank the list of candidates in order of preference" on an STV ballot paper (see Voting).〔Justin Fisher, D. T. Denver and John Benyon, ''Central debates in British politics'' (2003), Pearson Education, ISBN 978-0-582-43727-2, p. 68.〕 ==Adoption== STV has had its widest adoption in the English-speaking world. , in government elections, STV is used for: In British Columbia, Canada, STV was recommended for provincial elections by the BC Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (British Columbia). In a 2005 provincial referendum, it received 57.69% support and passed in 77 of 79 electoral districts. It was not adopted, however, because it fell short of the 60% threshold requirement the Liberal government had set for the referendum to be binding. In a second referendum, on 12 May 2009, STV was defeated 60.91% to 39.09% STV has also been used in several other jurisdictions, particularly in provincial general elections in the cities of Edmonton and Calgary in Alberta. For a more complete list, see ''History and use of the Single Transferable Vote''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Single transferable vote」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|