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|status = Active |sites = Sriharikota |launches = 31 PSLV: 11 PSLV-CA: 10 PSLV-XL: 10 |success = 29 PSLV: 9 PSLV-CA: 10 PSLV-XL: 10 |fail = 1 (PSLV) |partial = 1 (PSLV) |first=PSLV: 20 September 1993 PSLV-CA: 23 April 2007 PSLV-XL: 22 October 2008 |payloads=Chandrayaan-1, Mars Orbiter Mission |stagedata = }} The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV, is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV, commercially available only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). the PSLV has launched 87 satellites (36 Indian and 51 foreign satellites) into a variety of orbits. Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India's first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 , India's first interplanetary mission Mangalyaan (Mars orbiter) and India's first space observatory Astrosat.〔 ==Development== PSLV was designed and developed in the early 1990s at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The inertial systems are developed by ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) at Thiruvananthapuram. The liquid propulsion stages for the second and fourth stages of PSLV as well as the reaction control systems are developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) at Mahendragiri near Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. The solid propellant motors are processed at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR)at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh which also carries out launch operations. The PSLV was first launched on 20 September 1993. The first and second stages performed as expected, but an attitude control problem led to the collision of the second and third stages at separation, and the payload failed to reach orbit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Spacecraft Encyclopedia )〕 After this initial setback, the PSLV successfully completed its second mission in 1994.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv_1.htm )〕 The fourth launch of PSLV suffered a partial failure in 1997, leaving its payload in a lower than planned orbit. Since then, the PSLV has launched 24 times with no further failures.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm )〕 PSLV continues to support Indian and foreign satellite launches especially for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. It has undergone several improvements with each subsequent version, especially those involving thrust, efficiency as well as weight. In November 2013, it was used to launch the Mars Orbiter Mission, India's first interplanetary probe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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