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The temple of Pachacamac is an archaeological site 40 km southeast of Lima, Peru in the Valley of the Lurín River. Most of the common buildings and temples were built c. 800-1450 CE, shortly before the arrival and conquest by the Inca Empire. To date, several pyramids have been uncovered; archaeologists have identified at least 17 pyramids (many of them irreversibly damaged by the ''El Niño'' weather phenomenon). Besides pyramids, the site had a cemetery and multicolored fresco of fish from the Early Intermediate period (c. 200-600 CE). Later, the Huari (c. 600-800 CE) constructed the city, probably using it as an administrative center. A number of Huari-influenced designs appear on the structures and on the ceramics and textiles found in the cemeteries of this period. After the collapse of the Huari empire, Pachacamac continued to grow as a religious center. The majority of the common architecture and temples were built during this stage (c. 800-1450 CE). By the time the ''Tawantinsuyu'' (Inca Confederacy) invaded the area, the valleys of the Rímac and Lurín had a small state which the people called ''Ichma.'', They used Pachacamac primarily as a religious site for the veneration of the ''Pacha Kamaq'', the creator god. The Ichma joined the Incan Empire, which used Pachacamac as an important administrative center. The Inca maintained it as a religious shrine and allowed the Pachacamac priests to continue functioning independently of the Inca priesthood. This included the oracle, whom the Inca presumably consulted. The Inca built five additional buildings, including a temple to the sun on the main square. ==Pacha Kaman God== Pacha Kamaq ('Earth-Maker') was considered the creator god by the people who lived in this part of Peru before the Inca conquest. The Inca took him into their pantheon,〔Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN 9781420941142〕 but considered him a lesser rival of ''Viracocha'', their creator god. The myths that survive of Pacha Kamaq are sparse and confused: some accounts, for example, identify him as Manco Cápac's cowardly brother Ayca, while others say that he, Manco Cápac and Viracocha were the sole three sons of ''Inti'', the sun god. Another story says that he made the first man and the first woman, but forgot to give them food – and when the man died and the woman prayed over Pachacamac's head to his father Inti to make her the mother of all the peoples of earth, Pachacamac was furious. One by one, as the children were born, he tried to kill them – only to be beaten and to be thrown into the sea by her hero-son ''Wichama'', after which he gave up the struggle and contented himself by becoming the supreme god of fish. File:Recinto de Mamaconas.jpg|Recinto de Mamacones File:Pachacamac Templo del Sol 2.JPG|Temple of the Sun, front side, facing the sea File:Templo del Sol 2.jpg|Templo del Sol, southern side File:Templo del Sol 1.jpg|Templo del Sol, eastern side File:Templo del Sol Entrance.jpg|Templo del Sol, Main entrance File:Walls Templo del Sol 1.jpg|Walls of Templo del Sol File:Walls Templo del Sol 2.jpg|Walls of Templo del Sol File:Palacio de Tauri Chumbi.jpg|Palacio de Tauri Chumbi File:Calle Norte Sur.jpg|Calle Norte Sur File:Piramida con Rampa 1.jpg|Piramida con Rampa 1 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pachacamac」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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