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PackML stands for Packaging Machine Language and is a packaging standard used in the Batch Control Industry. In the late 1980s the ISA (International Society of Automation) began an effort to develop a set of standards for the Batch Control Industry with the intent of providing improved system performance and programming efficiencies by way of a standard set of models and procedures.〔Introduction to S88-For the improvement of the design of batch systems, Japan Batch Forum, jbf.pse143.org/files/S88e.pdf.()〕 ISA-S88 Part 5 (Make2Pack) was written to provide a standard specifically for Equipment Modules and Control Modules.〔Control Engineering, 4/17/2007: Make2Packs S88.05 Continuous Control to Packaging, ().〕 Starting in the early 2000s OMAC (Organization for Machine Automation and Control) began work on a similar standard〔Allen Presher, Design News, August 18, 2003, OMAC Promises Interoperability.〕 that embraced some of the basic concepts developed for the Batch Control Industry with the intent of providing the same benefits to the Machine Control Industry, specifically for Packaging Machines. These standards continued in parallel development until 2008 when an ISA sanctioned technical report was written to harmonize these standards.〔Automation World, June 2004, WBF Pursues Growth, OMAC Collaboration, ().〕 ISA TR88.00.02-2008〔ISA-TR88.00.02-2008 Machine and Unit States: An Implementation Example of ISA-88.〕 Machine and Unit States: An Implementation Example of ISA-88 became the basis of the Packaging Standard known as PackML. The ISA-S88 Standard can be found at the ISA website〔http://www.isa.org〕 and the OMAC PackML Implementation Guide can be found at the 'OMAC website.〔http://www.omac.org〕 The primary objective of PackML is to bring a common “look and feel” and operational consistency to all machines that make up a Packing Line (note: can be used for other types of discrete process)〔OMAC PackML: MES Definitions Group, ISA-TR88.00.02 Discussions and Recommendations, Feb 10 2011, ().〕 PackML provides: *Standard defined machine states and operational flow〔Rob Aleksa, PackML, Pack Expo, November 2010.〕 *Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) data 〔 *Root Cause Analysis (RCA) data〔 *Flexible recipe schemes and common SCADA or MES inputs〔 These provisions are enabled by the “Line Types” definitions (“Guidelines for Packaging Machinery Automation v3.1 available on the OMAC website)〔PackML Implementation Guide, www.omac.org.〕 created by the OMAC Packaging Workgroup, and leveraging the ISA-88 State Model concepts. PackML definitions are intended to make machines more serviceable and easier to redeploy.〔Darren Elliott, Rockwell Automation PackML V3 Strategy, March 24, 2010.〕 The PackML and PackTags guideline documents have gone through several versions (v1, v2, v3). During the PackML development process, PackTags were combined into the guideline documents. In 2008 the final version (v3), which contains both PackML and PackTags, were updated and harmonized with the ISA-88 standard terms and definitions to produce the technical report ISA-TR88.00.02-2008 Machine and Unit States: An Implementation Example of ISA-88. ISA-TR88.00.02 defines ISA-S88 Part 1 and Part 5 concepts of Modes, States and data structures (PackTags) in a Package Machine environment and provides example implementations. PackML has previously released versions 1, 2 & 3, with several implementations of version 2 in existence. The PackML version 2 implementation had the disadvantage of being memory intensive for PLC processors, unnecessary unused code as well as having an incomplete state/mode model for some machines.〔Hallie Forcinio, Lingua Franca, CPG manufacturers are pushing a common language that could lead to machine interoperability and serve as a model for other industries.〕〔Pat Reynolds, Machine Standards Packagers seek progress through machine standards, Packworld.com.〕〔Renee Robbins, Control Engineering, PackML Clarification nd Implementation Assistance.〕 PackML v3 corrected these disadvantages. It was superseded when it was harmonized with the S88 Part 5 efforts to become ISA-TR88.00.02.〔 In an effort to gain industry acceptance Procter & Gamble (P&G) developed a “PackML Implementation Guide” with a software template & help files that was provided royalty-free, non-exclusive licensed to OMAC.〔 This “OMAC Implementation Guide” is available for download from the OMAC website. The guide is an implementation of ISA-TR88.00.02, borrows concepts from ISA-S88 Part 1 and embraces the ISA-S88 Part 5 draft concepts of the hierarchical model (Machine/Unit, Station/Equipment Module, Control Device/Control Module). The OMAC Implementation Guide provides PackML implementation guidelines, data structures and a minimum set of recommended PackTags (i.e. those typically needed for commercial MES packages). The implementation guideline provides a method to deliver State Control, Machine-to-Machine Communications and Machine-to-Information System Communications. The PackML Implementation Guide is software (ladder-based) and is oriented towards Rockwell control systems.〔 It is structured such that PackML “States” can directly drive “S88 Part 5 Equipment & Control Modules”.〔 Many control suppliers (including Siemens, Bosch, Mitsubishi, B&R, ELAU, Beckhoff and others) have developed their own PackML software template. As control suppliers provide their implementations, links are posted on the OMAC web site. ==Background - ISA-S88 and Collapsible State Model Concepts== As described in the ANSI/ISA–95.00.03 Enterprise-Control System Integration Part 3 standard the Manufacturing Automation Industry is broken down into three main categories; continuous, batch and discrete control. The batch control industry and the packaging industry (discrete control of packaging machines) are the focus of a set of standards and guidelines that are similar but have differences driven by equipment functionality.〔 The ISA (International Society of Automation) S88 Committee started work in the 1980s and has developed a series of standards and technical reports with the intent of providing a broadly accepted set of concepts, models and definitions for the batch control industry. ISA S88 Part 1, Batch Control Models and Terminology, introduces the concepts of a hierarchical model, a state model and modular software design.〔ISA-S88 Part 1 – Batch Control Models and Terminology (IEC 61512-1)〕 In the 2010 ISA-S88 Part 1 update the Procedural State Model was rewritten to be more intuitive and complete.〔 In addition, three state models were presented or referenced with the objective of providing example solutions with the appropriate level of complexity for a given solution. The more complex state model (Expanded State Model) provides for basic state control plus states to address exception handling and communication issues.〔 This example procedural state model described in Clause 7.5 of the ANSI/ISA-88.00.01-2010 and the Base State Model described in TR88.00.02 (i.e. PackML) are two possible results of collapsing the reference state model.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「PackML」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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