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Paclitaxel is a drug used to treat ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic and other cancers. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/paclitaxel.html )〕 It and docetaxel represent the taxane family of drugs. Paclitaxel's mechanism of action involves interference with the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division. Common side effects include: hair loss, muscle and joint pains, and diarrhea, among others.〔 It results in a greater risk of infections which can be potentially serious.〔 Use during pregnancy often results in problems in the infant.〔 Paclitaxel was discovered beginning in 1962〔National Cancer Institute: http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/timeline/flash/success_stories/S2_taxol.htm ... or, see the "archived" copy via the Wayback machine of the Internet archive -- at https://web.archive.org/web/20111015000818/http://dtp.cancer.gov/timeline/flash/success_stories/S2_taxol.htm〕 as a result of a U.S. National Cancer Institute-funded screening program; being isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew, ''Taxus brevifolia'', thus its name "taxol". Developed commercially by Bristol-Myers Squibb, the generic name has changed to "paclitaxel" with a trademark becoming ''Taxol''. Other trademarks include Abraxane. Clinicians sometimes use the abbreviation "PTX" for paclitaxel, which is discouraged, because it is not a unique identifier. Paclitaxel is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. There was initially concern over the environmental impact of its initial sourcing from the slow growing Pacific yew. In addition, both the assignment of rights to Bristol-Myers Squibb and the product name were subject to public debate and Congressional hearings. ==Medical use== Paclitaxel is approved in the UK for ovarian, breast and lung, bladder, prostate, melanoma, esophageal, and other types of solid tumor cancers as well as Kaposi's sarcoma. It is recommended in NICE guidance of June 2001 that it should be used for nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients unsuitable for curative treatment, and in first-line and second-line treatment of ovarian cancer. In September 2001, NICE recommended paclitaxel should be available for the treatment of advanced breast cancer after the failure of anthracyclic chemotherapy, but that its first-line use should be limited to clinical trials. In September 2006, NICE recommended paclitaxel should ''not'' be used in the adjuvant treatment of early node-positive breast cancer. In 2005, its use in the United States for the treatment of breast, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancers was approved by the FDA. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paclitaxel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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