|
|imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = Logo Padang.svg |image_shield = |image_map = Lokasi Sumatera Barat Kota Padang.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Padang in West Sumatra |pushpin_map = Indonesia | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Padang in Indonesia |coordinates_region = ID |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Indonesia |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = West Sumatra |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Mahyeldi Ansharullah |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Founded |established_date = 7 August 1669 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 695 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = 249 |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2014 Estimate |population_note = |population_total = 1024906 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = 896400 |population_density_urban_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |timezone = WIB |utc_offset = +7 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=0 |latm=57 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=100 |longm=21 |longs=11 |longEW=E |coordinates_display =X |elevation_m = 0-1853 |elevation_ft = 0-6079 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = +62 751 |website = (www.padang.go.id ) |footnotes = }} Padang () is the capital of the province of West Sumatra in Indonesia. It is the largest city on the western coast of Sumatra. Before Indonesia's independence, Padang was one of the major cities in the Dutch East Indies〔http://www.kicc.jp (Indonesia: Surabaya And Padang )〕 and the fifth largest city in Sumatra behind Medan, Batam, Palembang and Pekanbaru. It has an area of and an estimated population of 1,024,906 in 2014. Padang is one of the cleanest big cities in Indonesia. Up to 2009, Padang has received the "Adipura" (cleanest and greenest city) award in the category of large city 17 times and the "Adipura Kencana" award 3 times. Padang is exactly at the antipodes of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. ==History== Since the 16th century Padang has been a trade centre. During the 16th and 17th centuries pepper was cultivated and traded with India, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In 1663 the city came under the authority of the Dutch and a trading post was built here in 1680. The city came under British authority twice, the first time from 1781 to 1784 during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, and again from 1795 to 1819 during the Napoleonic Wars. Afterwards the city was transferred back to the Netherlands. Up to approximately 1780 the most important trade product was gold, originating from the gold mines in the region. When the mines were exhausted, the emphasis turned to other products such as coffee, salts and textiles. In 1797 Padang was inundated by a tsunami with an estimated flow depth of 5–10 meters, following an earthquake, estimated to be 8.5–8.7 Mw, which occurred off the coast. The shaking caused considerable damage and the deaths of two people, while the tsunami resulted in several houses being washed away and several deaths at the village of Air Manis. The boats moored in the Arau river ended up on dry land, including a 200-ton sailing ship which was deposited about 1 kilometre upstream. In 1833 another tsunami inundated Padang with an estimated flow depth of 3–4 meters as a result of an earthquake, estimated to be 8.6–8.9 Mw, which occurred off Bengkulu. The shaking caused considerable damage in Padang, and due to the tsunami the boats moored in the Arau river broke their anchors and were scattered. At the time of independence in the 1940s the city had around 50,000 inhabitants. Coffee was still important, but copra was also a major item produced by farmers in its hinterland. The population growth since then has been partly a result of growth in the area of the city, but largely is a result of the migration to major cities seen in so many developing nations. In 1950 there was development of the Ombilin coal field with Padang as its outlet. This was seen by some observers as reflecting the economic as well as political colonisation of Indonesia. On 30 September 2009, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit about 50 kilometres off the coast of Padang. There were more than 1,100 fatalities, 313 of which occurred within Padang. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Padang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|