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Padayani, also called Padeni, (from the Malayalam word for military formations) is a traditional folk dance and a ritual art〔http://www.padayani.com/frame/padayani.htm〕 from the central portion of the Indian state of Kerala. A ceremonial dance involving masks, it is an ancient ritual performed in Bhagavati temples. The dance is performed in honor of Bhadrakaali. Meaning, a 'row of warriors', Padayani is an art form that blends music, dance, theatre, satire, facial masks, and paintings. It is part of worship of Bhadrakali and is staged in temples dedicated to the goddess from mid-December to mid-May. Padayani is unique to central Travancore, comprising the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala. Padayani is regarded as a remnant of the Dravidian forms of worship that existed before the advent of Brahmanism.〔http://www.hindu.com/br/2010/07/27/stories/2010072750651403.htm Study of Padayani〕 Padayani is like Theyyam in north kerala. The percussion instruments used in Patayani are patayani thappu, chenda, para and kumbham. ==Traditions of origin== Padyani is a modern form of Kolam Thullal, a ritual dance, which had been performed by the magico-medicine men of Kerala ( The Tinta endogamous section of Ganaka community ) .〔Wilfrid Dyson Hambly ,Tribal dancing and social development:with a pref. by Charles Hose, photos., sketches and a map. 1926〕 In olden days, this elaborate and expensive event was carried out to heal illnesses of deep psychological dysfunctions without any identifiable serious physical cause, and cases that seemed to be not amenable to medical modalities of intervention .〔Chummar Choondal A folk literature 1980〕 This form of psychic or spiritual healing other wise known as Kolam Thullal, was solely designed, controlled and performed by the Tinta sub sect of the Ganaka community , as a method of exorcism〔Ananda Lal The Oxford companion to Indian theatre 2004〕 The folk art, Padayani made its development from this dance performance, as a divine ritual tradition in association with festival occasions of Bhagavathy (Bhadrakaali) temples of Kerala.〔Mārg̲: Volume 19Modern Architectural Research Group 1965〕〔Manorma SharmaFolk India: a comprehenseive study of Indian folk music and culture2004〕 Another version of its origin is related to the practice of ancient martial arts training in Kerala. Ever since the period of the Samgham age, the Ganaka people were regarded by the society, as traditional preceptors (Sanskrit: Acharya) of martial arts and letters . Since the origin of term padayani relates to military parade or rows of army,〔Subodh Kapoor The Indian Encyclopaedia: : Volume 1 .2002. Page 2431〕〔Shovana NarayanFolk dance traditions of India2004〕 it is generally believed that it is evolved from a symbolic past reminiscent of the fencing march of the martial art (Kalari) 〔Pietro BardiIndian folklore research journal: Issues 2-5 National Folklore Support Centre (India) 2002〕 by the Nair trainees (fighters) and their Preceptors -Kalari Asans (Kaniyar Panicker) to frighten the enemy troop and to show their might. Eventually the responsibilities of various functions related to this dance were divided and assigned among people of different communities. So the Nair folk became the performers of the modern form of Padayani art, but the right of writing lyrics , the design and making of elaborate costumes was vested with the local Kaniyar people. Now a days the modern form of Padayani is performed at many Devi temples in the southern region of Kerala, particualary in Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Alappuzha and Kollam Districts 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Padayani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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