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Paphos ((ギリシア語:Πάφος) (:ˈpafos); (トルコ語:Baf)) is a coastal city in the southwest of Cyprus and the capital of Paphos District. In antiquity, two locations were called Paphos: Old Paphos〔Old Paphos, in Ancient Greek: , Ptol. v. 14. § 1; or, in one word, , Strabo xiv. p. 683; Palaepafos, Plin. v. 31. s. 35)〕 and New Paphos.〔New Paphos in Ancient Greek (, Ptol. ''l. c.''; Nea Pafos, Plin. ''l. c.''. The name of Paphos, without any adjunct, is used by poets and writers of prose to denote both Old and New Paphos, but with this distinction, to ancient prose writers it commonly means New Paphos, whilst in the ancient poets, the contrary, for whom the name Palaepafos would have been unwieldy, it generally signifies Old Paphos, the more particular seat of the cult of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. In inscriptions, also, both towns are called . This indiscriminate use sometimes produces ambiguity, especially in the Latin prose authors.〕 The currently inhabited city, New Paphos, lies on the Mediterranean coast, about west of Limassol (the biggest port on the island), which has an A6 highway connection. Paphos International Airport is the country's second-largest airport. Near Palaepaphos (Old Paphos) at the seaside of Petra tou Romiou is the modern mythical birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, and the founding myth is interwoven with the goddess at every level, so that Old Paphos became the most famous and important place for worshipping Aphrodite in the ancient world. In Greco-Roman times, Paphos was the island's capital, and it is well known for the remains of the Roman governor's palace, where extensive, fine mosaics are a major tourist attraction. Paul the Apostle visited the town during the first century AD. The town of Paphos is included in the official UNESCO list of cultural and natural treasures of the world's heritage. Paphos enjoys a subtropical-Mediterranean climate, with the mildest temperatures on the island. Paphos has been selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2017, along with Aarhus. ==Founding myth== In the founding myth, even the town's name is linked to the goddess, as the eponymous Paphos was the son (or, in Ovid, daughter) of Pygmalion〔Pygmalion's father was Belus, simply "lord".〕 whose ivory cult image of Aphrodite was brought to life by the goddess as "milk-white" Galatea. The author of ''Bibliotheke'', the Hellenistic encyclopedia of myth long attributed to Apollodorus, gives the genealogy.〔''Bibliotheke'', iii.14.3.〕 Pygmalion was so devoted to the cult of Aphrodite that he removed the statue to his palace and kept it on his couch. The ''daimon'' of the goddess entered into the statue, and the living Galatea bore Pygmalion a son, Paphos, and a daughter, Metharme. Cinyras, perhaps the son of Paphus,〔According to the Roman Hyginus, ''Fabula'' 142, Cinyras was a son of Paphus, thus legitimate in the patrineal manner, but ''Bibliotheke'' makes Cinyras an interloper, arriving with some of his people from Cilicia on the nearest coast of Asia Minor, and thus a suitor from outside, in the matrilineal manner. The conflict is instructive.〕 but perhaps the successful suitor of Metharme, founded the city under the patronage of Aphrodite and built the great temple to the goddess there. According to another legend preserved by Strabo (xi. p. 505), whose text, however, varies, it was founded by the Amazons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paphos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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