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Painswick
Painswick is a town and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. Originally the town grew on the wool trade, but it is now best known for its parish church's yew trees and the local Rococo Garden. The town is mainly constructed of locally quarried Cotswold stone. Many of the buildings feature south-facing attic rooms once used as weavers' workshops.
Geographically Painswick is situated on a hill in the Stroud district, overlooking one of the Five Valleys. Its narrow streets and traditional architecture make it the epitome of the English village.
==History==
There is evidence of settlement in the area as long ago as the Iron Age. This can be seen in the defensive earthworks atop nearby Painswick Beacon, which has wide views across the Severn Vale. The local monastery, Prinknash Abbey, was established as long ago as the 11th century. Painswick itself first appears in historical records in the Domesday Book of 1086, as ''Wiche'', 'dairy-farm'. It continues to appear by this name into the thirteenth century. The form ''Painswik'' first appears in 1237, but must originate in the name of an earlier lord of the manor, Pain Fitzjohn (d. 1137). ''Pain'' was a common Anglo-Norman name (itself originating in ''paiën'', Latin ''paganus'', 'heathen').〔Eilert Ekwall, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names'', 4th edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960), s.vv. Painswick, Painsthorpe; A. H. Smith, ''The Place-names of Gloucestershire'', English Place-Name Society, 38-41, 4 vols (Cambridge : University Press, 1964-65), I, 132).〕
During the first English Civil War (1642–1645) Gloucester was a Parliamentarian stronghold of some strategic importance. Consequently it was surrounded by forces loyal to the King. After the siege of Gloucester was broken on 5 September 1643, the Royalist army, which had been surrounding the city, encamped overnight at Painswick. Some damage was caused by the troops and a scar from two small cannonballs can still be seen on the tower of St. Mary's parish church.
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