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Paliperidone (trade name Invega), also known as 9-hydroxyrisperidone, is a dopamine antagonist and 5-HT2A antagonist of the atypical antipsychotic class of medications. It is developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica. Invega is an extended release formulation of paliperidone that uses the OROS extended release system to allow for once-daily dosing. Paliperidone palmitate (trade name Invega Sustenna, named Xeplion in Europe and other countries) is a long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone palmitoyl ester indicated for once-monthly injection after an initial titration period. Paliperidone is used to treat mania and at lower doses as maintenance for bipolar disorder. It is also used for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. ==Pharmacology== Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone. While its specific mechanism of action is unknown, it is believed paliperidone and risperidone act via similar, if not identical, pathways. Paliperidone has antagonist effect at α1 and α2 adrenergic receptors and at H1 histamine receptors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prescribing Reference: New Product Releases - INVEGA )〕 It does not bind to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In addition, it binds with dopamine and serotonin receptors. Paliperidone has less affinity for D4 receptors than risperidone.〔http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php?knowID=&kiKey=&receptorDD=&receptor=&speciesDD=&species=&sourcesDD=&source=&hotLigandDD=&hotLigand=&testDDRadio=testDDRadio&testLigandDD=2327&testLigand=&referenceDD=&reference=&KiGreater=&KiLess=&kiAllRadio=all&doQuery=Submit+Query〕〔http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php?knowID=&kiKey=&receptorDD=&receptor=&speciesDD=&species=&sourcesDD=&source=&hotLigandDD=&hotLigand=&testDDRadio=testDDRadio&testLigandDD=2328&testLigand=&referenceDD=&reference=&KiGreater=&KiLess=&kiAllRadio=all&doQuery=Submit+Query〕 Paliperidone (as Invega) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of schizophrenia in 2006. It is marketed for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Paliperidone was approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder in 2009. It may also be used off-label for other conditions. Recently, the long-acting injectable form of paliperidone, marketed as INVEGA Sustenna in U.S. and Xeplion in Europe, was approved by the FDA on July 31, 2009. It was approved in Europe in 2011 for schizophrenia.〔https://www.www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/002105/human_med_001424.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124&murl=menus/medicines/medicines.jsp&jsenabled=true〕 In Europe the monthly (every 28 days) injection comes in 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg of paliperidone without the 25 mg injection that is available in the U.S. A dose of 75 mg for a month in an injection is the equivalent of 6 mg per day of paliperidone oral. 6 mg of paliperidone oral (Invega) is equivalent to 2 to 3 mg of risperidone.〔https://www.invegasustenna.com/invegasustenna/index.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paliperidone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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