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Pallywood ((アラビア語:باليوود) ''Bālīwūd''; (ヘブライ語:פאליווד)) a disparaging portmanteau of "Palestinian" and "Hollywood", is a coinage that has been used to describe media manipulation, distortion or fraud by the Palestinians and other Arabs designed to win the public relations war against Israel. The incidents of the Muhammad al-Durrah tapes and the 2006 Lebanon War photographs controversies (dubbed "Hizbollywood" or "Hezbollywood")〔'(Im Zweifel für den Zweifel ),' ''Der Tagesspiegel'' 2006-08-09]〕 are notable events which have been cited as examples.〔('Caught in the Mohammad al-Dura crossfire ), by Calev Ben-David, ''The Jerusalem Post'', October 12, 2007: : ''But pro-Israel media-watchdog advocates have gone further, arguing that the footage is a prime example of what has been dubbed "Pallywood" - media manipulation, distortion and outright fraud by the Palestinians (and other Arabs, such as the Reuters photographer caught faking photos during the Second Lebanon War), designed to win the public relations war against Israel.''〕 The term has been coined and publicized in part by Richard Landes, as a result of an online documentary video he produced called ''Pallywood: According to Palestinian Sources'', alleging specific instances of media manipulation.〔Cambanis, Thanassis. "(Some Shunning The Palestinian Hard Stance )" ''The Boston Globe'', September 6, 2005〕〔 ==Richard Landes' video== In 2005, Richard Landes produced an 18-minute online documentary video called ''Pallywood: According to Palestinian Sources''.〔Carvajal, Doreen. ("The mysteries and passions of an iconic video frame" ), ''International Herald Tribune'', Monday, February 7, 2005.〕 Landes and pro-Israel advocates argue that the Israeli government is insufficiently robust in countering Palestinian accounts of events in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.〔 In his video, Landes shows Arab-Israeli conflict-related footage that was taken mostly by freelance Palestinian video journalists. He argues that systematic media manipulation (which he dubs "Pallywood") dates back to at least the 1982 Lebanon War, and argues that broadcasters are too uncritical of the veracity of Palestinian freelance footage.〔Landes, Richard. ("Pallywood: History" ), SecondDraft.org.〕 He focuses in particular on the case of Muhammad al-Durrah, a 12-year-old Palestinian who was widely reported to have been killed by Israeli gunfire in the Gaza Strip on September 30, 2000 at the beginning of the Second Intifada. The shooting was filmed by a Palestinian freelance cameraman and aired on the France 2 television channel with narration by the veteran French-Israeli journalist Charles Enderlin, who was not present at the incident. It made worldwide headlines and the conduct of the Israel Defense Forces was heavily criticized internationally, severely damaging Israel's public standing on the world stage.〔 Landes questions the authenticity of the footage and disputes whether al-Durrah was killed at all, arguing that the entire incident was staged by the Palestinians.〔("Al-Durah: What happened?" ), SecondDraft.org〕 An investigation by Israel after the shooting found that the boy was killed but did not determine whether he was shot by the IDF or Palestinians. Landes based his argument on an incident earlier in the day that he alleges shows that "Palestinian cameramen, especially when there are no Westerners around, engage in the systematic staging of action scenes."〔 Journalist Ruthie Blum, writing in the ''Jerusalem Post'', describes "Pallywood" as a term coined by Richard Landes to refer to "productions staged by the Palestinians, in front of (and often with cooperation from) Western camera crews, for the purpose of promoting anti-Israel propaganda by disguising it as news." Landes himself describes Pallywood as "a term I coined... to describe staged material disguised as news." Besides al-Durrah, Landes cites the Gaza beach blast and Hamas's alleged exploitation of electricity shortages during the 2007–2008 Israel-Gaza conflict, as incidents of Pallywood. According to Blum, Landes's "pretty harsh claims" have earned him a "reputation in certain circles as a right-wing conspiracy theorist."〔(One on One: Framing the debate | Jerusalem Post ) (Ruthie Blum Leibowitz, “One on One: Framing the Debate” The Jerusalem Post (27 March 2008) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pallywood」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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