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The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush ranges. They are among the world’s highest mountains, and since Victorian times, they have been known as the "Roof of the World", presumably a translation from Persian.〔(Encyclopedia Britannica 11th ed. 1911 ): PAMIRS, a mountainous region of central Asia...the Bam-i-dunya ("The Roof of the World"); ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', 1942 ed., p.1335: "Pamir (Persian = roof of the world)"; (The Pamirs ), a region known to the locals as Pomir – “the roof of the world".〕〔(''Social and Economic Change in the Pamirs'', pp. 13-14 ), by Frank Bliss, Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0-415-30806-2, ISBN 978-0-415-30806-9: Pamir = a Persian compilation of ''pay-I-mehr'', the "roof of the world".〕 In other languages they are called: Kyrgyz Памир тоолору ''Pamir Toolori''; (ペルシア語:رشته کوه های پامیر) ''Reshte Kūh-hāye Pāmīr''; Tajik: Ришта Кӯҳҳои Помир ''Rishta Kuhhoyi Pomir''; (パシュトー語:د پامير غرونه) ''Da Pamir Ghruna''; Uyghur: پامىر ئېگىزلىكى ''Pamir Ezgizliki''; Urdu: پامیر کوهستان ''Pamir Kuhestan''; or "Onion Range" (after the wild onions growing in the region).〔水經注 (quoting from the 西河舊事): ”蔥嶺在敦煌西八千里，其山高大，上生蔥，故曰蔥嶺也。“, in English: "The Onion Range is 8,000 Li west of Dunhuangin Uzbek Language "Pamir Tog'i". Its mountains are high and onions grow on them, therefore it is called Onion Range."〕 The name "Pamir" is used more commonly in Modern Chinese and loaned as . The precise extent of the Pamir Mountains is debatable.〔According to the (''Big Soviet Encyclopedia'' ) "The question of the natural boundaries of Pamir is debatable. Normally Pamir is regarded as covering the territory from Trans-Alay Range to the North, Sarykol Range to the East, Lake Zorkul, Pamir River, and the upper reaches of Panj River to the South, and the meridional section of the Panj valley to the West; to the north-west Pamir includes the eastern parts of Peter the Great and Darvaz ranges."〕 They lie mostly in Gorno-Badakhshan province of Tajikistan. To the north they join the Tian Shan mountains along the Alay Valley of Kyrgyzstan. To the south they border the Hindu Kush mountains along Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. To the east they are generally considered to extend to the range that includes China's Kongur Tagh, a peak which is included in the "Eastern Pamirs" more often than in the Kunlun Mountains, as Kongur Tagh and the Kunlun range are separated by the large Yarkand River valley; no valley of such significance separates the Pamirs and Kongur Tagh, just political boundaries. ==Geography== The three highest mountains in the Pamirs core are Ismoil Somoni Peak (known from 1932–1962 as Stalin Peak, and from 1962–1998 as Communism Peak), ; Ibn Sina Peak (still unofficially known as Lenin Peak), ; and Peak Korzhenevskaya ((ロシア語:Пик Корженевской), ''Pik Korzhenevskoi''), .〔''Tajikistan: 15 Years of Independence'', statistical yearbook, Dushanbe, 2006, p. 8, in Russian.〕 In the Eastern Pamirs, China's Kongur Tagh is the highest at . There are many glaciers in the Pamir Mountains, including the long Fedchenko Glacier, the longest in the former USSR and the longest glacier outside the Polar region.〔In the Karakoram Mountains, Siachen Glacier is 76 km long, Biafo Glacier is 67 km long, and Baltoro is 63 km long. The Bruggen or Pio XI Glacier in southern Chile is 66 km long. Kyrgyzstan's South Inylchek (Enylchek) Glacier is 60.5 km in length. Measurements are from recent imagery, generally with Russian 1:200,000 scale topographic mapping for reference as well as the 1990 ''Orographic Sketch Map: Karakoram: Sheets 1 and 2'', Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, Zurich.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pamir Mountains」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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