|
SS ''Panaman'' was a cargo ship built in 1913 for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. The ship was sometimes incorrectly referred to as SS ''Panamanian''. During World War I she was known as USAT ''Panaman'' in service for the United States Army and USS ''Panaman'' (ID-3299) in service for the United States Navy. Late in her career she was known as SS ''Marcella'' for the Italian government. She was built by the Maryland Steel Company as one of eight sister ships for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, and was employed in inter-coastal service via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Panama Canal after it opened. In World War I, USAT ''Panaman'' carried cargo and animals to France under charter to the U.S. Army. When transferred to the U.S. Navy in August 1918, USS ''Panaman'' continued in the same duties, but after the Armistice, was converted to a troop transport and returned over 11,000 American troops from France. Returned to American-Hawaiian in 1919, ''Panaman'' resumed inter-coastal cargo service. During World War II, ''Panaman'' was requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration and initially sailed between New York and Caribbean ports, but with two trips to African ports mixed in. Beginning in mid 1943, ''Panaman'' sailed from New York or Boston to ports in the United Kingdom. In late 1946, she was sailing in the Pacific Ocean. In July 1947, American-Hawaiian sold ''Panaman'' to the Italian government. Renamed ''Marcella'' at that time, she was scrapped in September 1954 at Baltimore. ==Design and construction== In November 1911, the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company placed an order with the Maryland Steel Company of Sparrows Point, Maryland, for two new cargo ships—''Panaman'' and .〔Maryland Steel had built three ships—, ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan''—for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies, and in September 1911, American-Hawaiian placed an order for ''Panaman''s four older sister ships—, , , and .〕 The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, but with a maximum cost of $640,000 each. The construction was financed by Maryland Steel with a credit plan that called for a 5% down payment in cash with nine monthly installments for the balance. Provisions of the deal allowed that some of the nine installments could be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Panaman'', including financing costs, was $70.29 per deadweight ton, which came out to just over $715,000.〔 ''Panaman'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 128)〔 was the first ship built under the contract. The ship was ,〔 and was in length (between perpendiculars) and abeam.〔 She had a deadweight tonnage of ,〔 and her cargo holds, which had a storage capacity of ,〔 were outfitted with a complete refrigeration plant so that she could carry perishable products from the West Coast—like fresh produce from Southern California farms—to the East Coast. ''Panaman'' had a single steam engine powered by oil-fired boilers that drove a single screw propeller at a speed of .〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Panaman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|