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The pandura〔Not to be confused with ''pandora'', ''pandore'', ''bandura'', a queer-shaped guitar of the 17th century; see: Willi Apel, (''Harvard Dictionary of Music'' ), Taylor & Francis, 1970, p. 551.〕 (, ''pandoura'') is an ancient Greek string instrument from the Mediterranean basin. Lutes have been present in ancient Greece since the 4th century BC.〔(Alexander Lingas, "Musical instruments" in ''Encycolpedy of Ancient Greece'' p 385 ).〕 They were also present in Mesopotamia since the Akkadian era, or the third millennium BCE. ==Greek== The ancient Greek ''pandoura'' was a medium or long-necked lute with a small resonating chamber, used by the ancient Greeks. It commonly had three strings: such an instrument was also known as the ''trichordon'' (τρίχορδον, McKinnon 1984:10). Its descendants still survive as the Greek tambouras and bouzouki,〔(instruments-museum, Greece )〕〔Elizabeth Jeffreys, John Haldon, Robin Cormack, ''The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies'', Oxford University Press, 2008, p.928; confer also ''Nikos Maliaras, Byzantina mousika organa'', EPN 1023, ISΒN 978-960-7554-44-4 and Digenis Akritas, Escorial version, vv. 826-827, ed. and transl. Elizabeth Jeffrey.〕 the North African kuitra, the Eastern Mediterranean saz and the Balkan tamburica and remained popular also in the near east and eastern Europe, too, usually acquiring a third string in the course of time,〔(The Facts on File Dictionary of Music ), Fourth edition〕 since the fourth century BCE. Renato Meucci (1996) suggests that the some Italian Renaissance descendants of Pandura type were called ''chitarra italiana'', ''mandore'' or ''mandola''. In the 18th century the pandurina (mandore) was often referred to as ''mandolino napoletano''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pandura」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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