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Panipat ((ヒンディー語:पानीपत)) is an ancient and historic city in Haryana, India. It is 90 km north of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. The battles fought at the city in 1526, 1556 and 1761 were turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India by the name of "City of Weaver". The first verse of the Bhagavad Gita is possibly referring to Panipat as 'Dharmakshetra'. ==History== According to the legend, Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the Pandava brothers during the times of the Mahabharata; its historic name being ''Panduprastha''. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in the Indian history. Panipat is first recorded in the Mahabharata as one of the five villages that the Pandavas demanded from Duryodhana. The five villages are the "panch pat" * Padavaprastha (Now known as Panipat) * Sonaprastha (Now known as Sonipat) * Indraprastha (Now known as Delhi) * Bahakprastha (Now known as Baghpat) * Tilprastha (Now known as Tilpat) The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi, the Afghan Sultan of Delhi, and the Turco-Mongol warlord Babur, who later established Mughal rule in Northern Indian subcontinent. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers. This First battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in Delhi. The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of Akbar and Hemu, a Hindu King of North India, also known as Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana and had captured the large states of Agra and Delhi defeating Akbar's forces. This king, also known as Vikramaditya had won 22 battles against the Afghan rebels from 1553–1556 from Punjab to Bengal, and had his coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556 and had established 'Hindu Raj' in North India, before the 2nd battle of Panipat.Hem Chandra had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but suddenly Hemu was struck by an arrow in the eye and he lost his senses and died instantaneously. On not seeing him in his howdah on the back of an elephant, his army fled.Dead Hemu was later captured and beheaded by the Mughals to obtain the title of 'Ghazi'. His head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza and torso was hanged outside Purana Quila in Delhi. This Second battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Hindu Raj' established by Hemu in north India, albeit for a short period. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought on 14th January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the Afghan and Baloch invaders. The Maratha Empire led by Sadashivrao Bhau Peshwa and Afghans led by Ahmadshah Abdali. Afghans having total strength 1,25,000 soldiers and Marathas having 1,00,000 soldier and 25,000 pilgrims. Maratha soldiers were unable to get food because of non-cooperation of other Empires of Hidusthan (India and Pak were not separated) and was unable to get food resulted into eating leaves of trees to live. Both the sides fought their heart out. Afghans were supported by Najib and Sujaudolla for the supply of food. Maratha had pilgrims along with theme who were unable to fight consisting of female pilgrims also. On single day of 14th January More than lac of soldiers died resulting in the victory of Afghans. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Panipat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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