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Panoan (also Pánoan, Panoano, Panoana, Páno) is a family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia. It is a branch of the larger Pano–Tacanan family. ==Languages== There are some 18 extant and 14 extinct Panoan languages.〔David Fleck, 2013, ''(Panoan Languages and Linguistics )'', Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History #99〕 In the list, (†) means extinct, and ( *) obsolescent (no longer spoken daily). Dialects are listed in parentheses. *Mayoruna * *Tabatinga Mayoruna† (divergent ) * *Mayo * * *Matses * * * *Matses (Peruvian Matses, Brazilian Matses, Paud Usunkid†) * * * * Kulino (of Curuça) * (Kapishtana *, Mawi *, Chema *) * * * * Demushbo† * * *Korubo (Korubo, Chankueshbo *) * * *Matis * * * *Matis * * * *Jandiatuba Mayoruna† * * * *Amazon Mayoruna† (two dialects) *Mainline Panoan * *Kasharari (divergent ) * *Kashibo (Kashibo, Rubo/Isunbo, Kakataibo, Nokaman) * *Nawa branch (from least to most divergent) * * *Bolivian * * * *Chokobo/Pakawara (Chokobo, Pakawara) * * * *Karipuna† (a dialect of Chokobo-Pakawara ) * * * *? Chiriba† * * *Madre de Dios† * * * *Atsawaka-Yamiaka† (Atsawaka†, Yamiaka†) * * * *Arazaire† * * *Blanco River Remo† * * *Tarauacá Kashinawa† * * *Marubo * * * *Marubo (the Javari Basin ) * * * *Katukina (or Waninawa: Katukina of Olinda, Katukina of Sete Estrelas, Kanamari†) * * * *Olivença Kulina * * * Poyanawa * * * * * Poyanawa * * * * * Iskonawa * * * * * Nukini * * * * * ?Môa Nawa * (due to lack of data ) * * * * Jaquirana Remo† * * *Chama * * * *Shipibo (Shipibo-Konibo, Tapiche Kapanawa *) * * * *Pano * (Pano†, Shetebo *, Piskino *) * * * *Sensi† * * *Headwaters * * * *Ibuaçu Kashinawa (Brazilian Kashinawa, Peruvian Kashinawa, Juruá Kapanawa†, Parannawa†) * * * *Yaminawa (Brazilian Yaminawa dialects, Peruvian Yaminawa, Chaninawa, Chitonawa, Mastanawa, Parkenawa (= Yora), Shanenawa, Sharanawa/Marinawa, Shawannawa (= Arara), Yawanawa, Yaminawa-arara *, Nehanawa†) * * * *Amawaka (Peruvian Amawaka, Nishinawa†, Yumanawa†) * * * *Môa Remo† (resembles Amawaka) * * * *Tuchinawa† (resembles Yaminawa dialects) Boundaries between the Poyanawa, Chama, and Headwaters groups are somewhat blurred. Karipuna and Môa River Nawa may not be distinct languages, and Chiriba may not be Panoan at all. Hundreds of other Panoan "languages" (such as Kontanawa) have been reported in the literature. These are names of groups that may have been ethnically Panoan, but sometimes are assumed to be Panoan on no other evidence than that they end in ''-nawa'' or ''-bo''. A few, such as Maya (Pisabo), are unattested but reported to be mutually intelligible with a known Panoan language (in this case Matsés). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Panoan languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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