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Pantheism
Pantheism is the belief that the Universe (or nature as the totality of everything) is identical with divinity, or that everything composes an all-encompassing, immanent god. Pantheists thus do not believe in a distinct personal or anthropomorphic god.〔A Companion to Philosophy of Religion edited by Charles Taliaferro, Paul Draper, Philip L. Quinn, p.340 "They deny that God is "totally other" than the world or ontologically distinct from it."〕
Pantheistic concepts date back thousands of years, and some religions in the East continue to contain pantheistic elements. In the West, Pantheism was formalized as a separate theology and philosophy based on the work of the 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza,〔 whose book ''Ethics'' was an answer to Descartes' famous dualist theory that the body and spirit are separate.〔 Spinoza held the monist view that the two are the same, and monism is a fundamental part of his philosophy. He was described as a "God-intoxicated man," and used the word God to describe the unity of all substance. Although the term pantheism was not coined until after his death, Spinoza is regarded as its most celebrated advocate. His work, ''Ethics'' was the major source from which Western pantheism spread.〔Genevieve Lloyd, Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Spinoza and The Ethics (Routledge Philosophy Guidebooks), Routledge; 1 edition (2 October 1996), ISBN 978-0-415-10782-2, Page: 24〕
==Definitions==
Pantheism is derived from the Greek πᾶν ''pan'' (meaning "all") and θεός ''theos'' (meaning "God"). There are a variety of definitions of pantheism. Some consider it a theological and philosophical position concerning God.
As a religious position, some describe pantheism as the polar opposite of atheism.〔 From this standpoint, pantheism is the view that everything is part of an all-encompassing, immanent God.〔 All forms of reality may then be considered either modes of that Being, or identical with it.〔Owen, H. P. ''Concepts of Deity''. London: Macmillan, 1971, p. 65.〕 Some hold that pantheism is a non-religious philosophical position. To them, pantheism is the view that the Universe (in the sense of the totality of all existence) and God are identical (implying a denial of the personality and transcendence of God).
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