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Pantograph (transport)
A pantograph (or "pan") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train, tram or electric bus〔(Urbino bus with pantograph )〕 to collect power through contact with an overhead catenary wire. It is a common type of current collector. Typically, a single wire is used, with the return current running through the track. The term stems from the resemblance of some styles to the mechanical pantographs used for copying handwriting and drawings.
== Invention ==
The pantograph was invented in 1879 by Walter Reichel, chief engineer at Siemens & Halske in Germany.〔(A Century of Traction. Electrical Inspections, page 7, by Basil Silcove )〕 A flat slide-pantograph was invented in 1895 at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
The familiar diamond-shaped roller pantograph was invented by John Q. Brown of the Key System shops for their commuter trains which ran between San Francisco and the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay Area in California.〔(U.S. Patent No. 764224 issued July 5, 1904 )〕 They appear in photographs of the first day of service, 26 October 1903. For many decades thereafter, the same diamond shape was used by electric-rail systems around the world and remains in use by some today.
The pantograph was an improvement on the simple trolley pole, which prevailed up to that time, primarily because the pantograph allows an electric-rail vehicle to travel at much higher speeds without losing contact with the overhead lines.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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