|
Paprika is a spice made from air-dried fruits of the chili pepper family of the species ''Capsicum annuum''. Although paprika is often associated with Hungarian cuisine, the chilies from which it is made are native to the New World, introduced to the Old World from the Americas. The seasoning is also used to add color and flavor to many types of dishes. The trade in paprika expanded from Iberia to Africa and Asia,〔(Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums - Google Books ). Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved on September 20, 2013.〕 and ultimately reached Central Europe through the Balkans, then under Ottoman rule, which explains the Hungarian origin of the modern English term. In Spanish, paprika has been known as ''pimentón'' since the 16th century, when it became a typical ingredient of the western region of Extremadura.〔(Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums ), pp. 5 and 73〕 Despite its presence in Central Europe since the beginning of Ottoman conquests, it did not become popular in Hungary until the late 19th century.〔(The Glutton's Glossary: A Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms ), p. 205〕 Paprika can range from mild to hot, and flavors also vary from country to country, but almost all plants grown produce the sweet variety.〔 Sweet paprika is mostly composed of the pericarp, with more than half of the seeds removed, whereas hot paprika contains some seeds, placentas, calyces, and stalks.〔 == Etymology and history == The plant that makes the Hungarian version of the spice was grown from 1529 by the Turks at Buda (now part of the capital of Hungary, Budapest). The first recorded use of the word "paprika" in English is from 1896,〔 although an earlier reference to Turkish paprika was published in 1831. The word derives from the Hungarian or Turkish word ''paprika'', a diminutive of the Serbian and Croatian word ''papar'' (meaning "pepper"),〔''A Magyar Nyelv Történeti-Etimológiai Szótára'' (Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Hungarian Language) (1976, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó), 3:93. "paprika 1748... Szerb-horvát eredetű ... Ez a szb.-hv. ''pàpar'' 'bors' ..." (paprika 1748 ... Serbo-Croatian originally ... This is the Serbo-Croatian ''pàpar'' 'pepper' ... (by an explanation of the Hungarian suffix ''-ka'' )).〕 which in turn came from the Latin ''piper'' or modern Greek ''piperi''.〔 ''Paprika'' and similar words, ''peperke'', ''piperke'', and ''paparka'', are used in various Slavic languages in the Balkans for bell peppers.〔 The word "paprika" entered a large number of languages, in many cases probably via German. European languages use a similar word, while examples from other languages include the Japanese ''papurika''.〔 Central European paprika was hot until the 1920s when a Szeged breeder found one plant that produced sweet fruit, then grafted it onto other plants.〔(Paprika: A Spicy Memoir from Hungary ), p. 202〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paprika」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|