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Papyrology is the study of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., as preserved in manuscripts written on papyrus, the most common form of writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient documents in a variety of languages and the care and preservation of rare papyrus originals. Papyrology as a systematic discipline dates from the 1890s, when large caches of well-preserved papyri were discovered by archaeologists in several locations in Egypt, such as Arsinoe (Faiyum) and Oxyrhynchus. Leading centres of papyrology include Oxford University, Heidelberg University, Columbia University, the University of Michigan, the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, and the University of California, Berkeley. Founders of papyrology were the Viennese orientalist Joseph von Karabacek (Arabic papyrology),〔Jane Turner, ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries, 1996, p.548〕 Wilhelm Schubart (Greek papyrology),〔''The Harvard Theological Review'', Harvard Divinity School 1941, p.220〕 the Austrian antiquarian Theodor Graf who acquired more than 100,000 Greek, Arabic, Coptic and Persian papyri in Egypt, which were bought by the Austrian Archduke Rainer,〔Glenn W. Most, ''Disciplining Classics: Altertumswissenschaft als Beruf'', 2002, p.192〕 G. F. Tsereteli who published papyri of Russian and Georgian collections,〔Bobodzhan Gafurovich Gafurov, Yuri Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ, ''Fifty Years of Soviet Oriental Studies'', Institut narodov Azii (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR) 1968, p.11〕 Frederic George Kenyon,〔Leo Deuel, ''Testaments of Time: The Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records'', Knopf, 1965, p. 335〕 Ulrich Wilcken, Bernard Pyne Grenfell, Arthur Surridge Hunt〔Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies, ''The Journal of Jewish Studies'', Jewish Chronicle Publications, 1974, p.420〕 and other distinguished scientists. The collection of pagan, Christian and Arabic papyri in Vienna called the Rainer papyri represents the first large discovery of manuscripts on papyrus found in the Fayum in Egypt. Around 1880, a carpet trader in Cairo acquired on behalf of Karabacek over 10,000 papyri and some texts written on linen. Of those Fayum papyri, over 3000 are written in Arabic. The papyri originated from Kôm Fâris (Krokodílon Pólis) and Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah (Herakleopolis Magna), the textile pages from Kôm al-‘Azâma. They were exported to Vienna in 1882, and presented in a public exhibition the following year that caused a sensation. Later the papyri were bought by the Grand Duke Rainer and presented to the Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Vienna.〔Jean Anker, ''Libri: International Library Review'', International Federation of Library Associations 1951, p.234〕 The first papyrus was published in the West by Cardinal Stefano Borgia in Velletri in 1778, with the title "Charta papyracea Graece scripta Museums Borgiani Velitris" famous by the name of Charta Borgiana. ==See also== *Leiden Conventions *Oxyrhynchus *Greek Magical Papyri *Elephantine papyri *Magdalen papyrus *Nag Hammadi library *EpiDoc *Epigraphy *Writing systems *Palaeography *University of Michigan Papyrus Collection *Rylands Papyri 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Papyrology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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