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Parabuthus
''Parabuthus'' is a genus of large and highly venomous Afrotropical scorpions, that show a preference for areas of low rainfall. Their stings are medically important and human fatalities have been recorded.〔Larsen, Norman. Biodiversity Explorer, IZIKO. Scorpion stings and venoms ()〕
==Characteristics==
They have thick and strong tails, with typically a rough surface to the first (proximal) and sometimes second segment, that is used to produce a warning sound when rubbed against the sting (save ''P. distridor'').〔〔 Their thick tails are also employed in excavating their shallow burrows, as several are adapted to sandy environments.〔 Some flatter-bodied species however take refuge in rock crevasses.〔
Due to their stings' quick acting venom they rely to lesser extent on their slender pinchers (chelae) to hold onto prey.〔 It is suspected that three species, ''P. schlechteri'', ''P. transvaalicus'' and ''P. villosus'' can spray venom from their tails. These three are also the largest buthids in the world,〔 reaching lengths of up to 140 mm and masses of up to 14 g.〔
Other consistent features include a dorsal head covering (carapace) that lacks granular ridges (carinae), while the tail's upper coverings (tergites) have only one inconspicuous middle (median) ridge.〔 The pectine teeth nearest the body in females are enlarged and dilated (''P. granulatus'' and ''P. kalaharicus'' excepting), and the lower tarsi (3rd distal segment) of the front four legs are equipped with bristle combs.〔Also referred to as macrosetal combs or "sand combs".〕 The ventrosubmedian ridges in the 4th tail segment disappear away from the body, and the ventrolateral ridges of 5th segment include distinctly spined or lobed processes near their distal ends.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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