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Paraproteinemia, or monoclonal gammopathy, is the presence of excessive amounts of paraprotein or single monoclonal gammaglobulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder. It is sometimes considered equivalent to plasma cell dyscrasia. ==Types== Paraproteinemias may be categorized according to the type of monoclonal protein found in blood: * Light chains only (or Bence Jones protein). This may be associated with multiple myeloma or AL amyloidosis. * Heavy chains only (also known as "heavy chain disease"); * Whole immunoglobulins. In this case, the paraprotein goes under the name of "M-protein" ("M" for monoclonal). If immunoglobulins tend to precipitate within blood vessels with cold, that phenomenon takes the name of cryoglobulinaemia. The three types of paraproteins may occur alone or in combination in a given individual. Note that while most heavy chains or whole immunoglobulins remain within blood vessels, light chains frequently escape and are excreted by the kidneys into urine, where they take the name of Bence Jones protein. It is also possible for paraproteins (usually whole immunoglobulins) to form polymers by aggregating with each other; this takes the name of macroglobulinemia and may lead to further complications. For example, certain macroglobulins tend to precipitate within blood vessel with cold, a phenomenon known as cryoglobulinemia. Others may make blood too viscous to flow smoothly (usually with IgM macroglobulins), a phenomenon known as Waldenström macroglobulinemia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paraproteinemia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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