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''Paraptenodytes'' is an extinct genus of penguins which contains two or three species sized between a Magellanic penguin and an emperor penguin (''Aptenodytes forsteri''). They are known from fossil bones ranging from a partial skeleton and some additional material in the case of ''P. antarcticus'', the type specimen for the genus, and a single humerus in the case of ''P. brodkorbi''. The latter species is therefore often considered invalid; a recent study〔Bertelli ''et al.'' (2006)〕 considers it indeed valid, but distinct enough not to belong into ''Paraptenodytes''. The fossils were found in the Santa Cruz and Chubut Provinces of Patagonia, Argentina, in Patagonian Molasse Formation rocks of Early Miocene age; later occurrences are apparently from Late Miocene or possibly even Early Pliocene deposits.〔Stucchi ''et al.'' (2003)〕 Together with the related genus ''Arthrodytes'', they form the subfamily Paraptenodytinae, which is not an ancestor of modern penguins.〔 ==References== * (1891): Enumeración de las aves fósiles de la Repúiblica Argentina. ''Revista Argentina de Historia Natural'' 1: 441-445. * (2006): Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin ''Paraptenodytes antarcticus'' from Patagonia. ''American Museum Novitates'' 3525: 1-36. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3525()2.0.CO;2 (PDF fulltext ) * (1946): Fossil penguins. ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 87: 7-99. (PDF fulltext ) * (1971): Conspectus of Patagonian fossil penguins. ''American Museum Novitates'' 2488: 1-37. (PDF fulltext ) * (2003): Una nueva especie de Spheniscidae del Mioceno Tardío de la Formación Pisco, Perú. ''Bulletin Institut Français d'Études Andines'' 32(2): 361-375. (PDF fulltext ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paraptenodytes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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