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Parastacidae
Parastacidae is the family of freshwater crayfish found in the southern hemisphere. The family is a classic Gondwana-distributed taxon, with extant members in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea, and extinct taxa also in Antarctica.
==Distribution==
Three genera are found in Chile, ''Virilastacus'', ''Samastacus'' and ''Parastacus'', the last of which also occurs disjunctly in southern Brazil and Uruguay.
There are no crayfish native to continental Africa, but seven species on Madagascar, all of the genus ''Astacoides''.
Australasia is particularly rich in crayfish. The small genus ''Paranephrops'' is endemic to New Zealand. Two genera, ''Astacopsis'' and ''Parastacoides'' are endemic to Tasmania, while a further two are found on either side of the Bass Strait – ''Geocharax'' and ''Engaeus''. The greatest diversity, however, is found on the Australian mainland. Three genera are endemic and have restricted distributions (''Engaewa'', ''Gramastacus'' and ''Tenuibranchiurus''), while two are more widespread and contain more than one hundred species between them: ''Euastacus'', around the Australian coast from Melbourne to Brisbane, and ''Cherax'' across Australia and New Guinea.
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