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Parathalassites
The ''parathalassitēs'' ((ギリシア語:παραθαλασσίτης), "the one by the sea") was a Byzantine judicial and administrative office which, as its name implies, exercised control over maritime traffic and the imports and tolls on goods conveyed thereby.〔.〕〔.〕
Although there were several ''parathalassitai'' in the Byzantine provinces, the most important holder of the office was the ''parathalassitēs'' of Constantinople, the imperial capital.〔.〕 The origins of the office are obscure: an anonymous chronicle attributes its creation to Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565).〔 He may be regarded as the rough equivalent of the ''comes riparum'' ("count of the river") and ''comes portus'' ("count of the port") of Old Rome.〔.〕 Like him, he was a subordinate official of the urban prefect, also known as the Eparch of Constantinople; in Philotheos's ''Klētorologion'' of 899, he is indeed shown as being of relatively lowly rank.〔〔 The office, however, evidently rose in importance later, during the 11th and 12th centuries, as attested by the senior dignities (up to ''prōtoproedros'' and ''kouropalatēs'') in surviving seals of holders of the office. It is possible, as surmised by Helene Ahrweiler, that at about the same time the office was removed from the urban prefect's purview and made an independent government department, putting the ''parathalassitēs'' on the same footing as the urban prefect and the ''logothetēs tou genikou''. In the 12th century, multiple holders of the office are attested at the same time.〔〔 It is not known when the office was abolished, but it does not appear in sources from the 13th century onwards.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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