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Mississippi State Penitentiary (MSP), also known as Parchman Farm, is the oldest prison and the only maximum security prison for men in the state of Mississippi, USA.〔 Begun with four stockades in 1901, the Mississippi Department of Corrections facility was constructed largely by state prisoners; it is located on about in unincorporated Sunflower County,〔"(State Prisons )." Mississippi Department of Corrections. Retrieved on January 14, 2011.〕〔"(MDOC QUICK REFERENCE )." Mississippi Department of Corrections. Retrieved on May 21, 2010.〕 in the Mississippi Delta region. It has beds for 4,840 inmates. Inmates work on the prison farm and in manufacturing workshops. It holds male offenders classified at all custody levels—A and B custody (minimum and medium security) and C and D custody (maximum security). It also houses the male death row; all male offenders sentenced to death in Mississippi are held in MSP's Unit 29. The superintendent of Mississippi State Penitentiary is Earnest Lee. There are 2 wardens, 3 deputy wardens, and 2 associate wardens.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Mississippi Department of Corrections )〕 Female prisoners are not usually assigned to MSP; Central Mississippi Correctional Facility, also the location of the female death row, is the only state prison in Mississippi designated as a place for female prisoners.〔 ==History== For much of the 19th century after the American Civil War, the state of Mississippi used a convict lease system for its prisoners; lessees paid fees to the state and were responsible for feeding, clothing and housing prisoners who worked for them as laborers. As it was lucrative for both the state and lessees, as in other states, the system led to entrapment and a high rate of convictions for minor offenses for black males, whose population as prisoners increased rapidly in the decades after the war. Wrongly accused of having a high rate of criminality, black males often struggled for years to get out of the convict lease system.〔Douglas Blackmon, ''Slavery by Another Name'' (2008)〕 Due to abuses and corruption, the state ended this program after December 31, 1894, and finally had to build prisons to accommodate convicted persons. The State of Mississippi began to acquire property to build its first correctional facilities.〔"Article 14 -- No Title": "(Convicts Who Are In Demand After Serving Terms )." ((Direct article link )) ''The New York Times''. Retrieved on August 14, 2010.〕 But, as Douglas Blackmon explores in his book, ''Slavery by Another Name'', a study of the convict lease system, the South kept a system of convict labor in place until World War II. Generations of black men were trapped in the system.〔 In 1900 the Mississippi State Legislature appropriated US$80,000 for the purchase of the Parchman Plantation, a 3789-acre (15.33-Km²) property in Sunflower County.〔"(A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS )." Mississippi Department of Corrections. Retrieved on September 18, 2010.〕 What is now the prison property was located at a railroad spur called "Gordon Station."〔Yardley, Jonathan. ("In the Fields of Despair" ), ''The Washington Post'', 31 March 1996. Retrieved on March 1, 2011. "The eventual replacement for convict leasing was Parchman Farm, a 20,000-acre tract in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta, 90 miles south of Memphis at a dilapidated railroad spur known as Gordon Station."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mississippi State Penitentiary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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